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- 156 BEAR * ANATOMY
BROWN BEAR
Ursus arctos
(from specimen photo; from specimen;afterblainvillele
Bear characteristics: Large, powerful body; powerful limbs appear carpi ulnaris; ED1&2 Extensor digit! I & II; ED1L Extensor digit! I longus; EDBr
relatively short. Rear feet wide. Walks on sole and heel of rear foot and Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor
digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal
usually on digits of front foot. Five digits per limb with long, curved,
oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDBr Flexor digitorum
nonretractile claws. Front claws longer than rear claws. Large head, brevis; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis;
small eyes. Small, round, erect, furry ears. Large canines; flat, grinding Gas La Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head;
GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; Ilioc
molars. Short tail. Arched back, high shoulder. Grizzly has most promi-
Iliocostalis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator
nent shoulder hump and dished, slightly concave face (in profile).
labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh
Can have very thick layer of fur. Grizzly and brown bear belong to the Mylohyoid; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi;
same species, but differ in geographical range and size. The giant OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecPr Pectoralis profundus;
PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus;
panda is now considered to be a member of the bear family, not the
Plant Plantaris; PrTer Pronator teres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; Sart Sartorius;
raccoon family. SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Sol Soleus;
Stcph Sternocephalicus; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Supra
AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Bicep Biceps brachii; Supraspinatus; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCa Tibialis
BiFem Biceps femoris; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Brrad caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trach Trachea; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral
Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Corac Coracobrachialis; DelAc head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head;
Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; ECRB VasLa l/osfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ECU Extensor
- BEAR > ANATOMY 157
(after curverd)
GRIZZLY BEAR
Ursus arctos
- 158 BEAR > PROPORTION
BROWN/GRIZZLY BEAR
BLACK BEAR
- BEAR » PROPORTION 159
POLAR BEAR
GIANT PANDA
- 160 DEER > ANATOMY
(after ellenberger;skullfrom specimen)
Deer (cervid) characteristics: Male has branching, bony antlers, which EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO
External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris;
are shed and regrown every year; maximum size is reached before mat-
FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; GasLa
ing begins. Antlers shed after mating season. Both male and female cari- Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; Glubi
bou and reindeer have antlers. No upper teeth in front. Generally grace- Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal
ful, delicate, and light; elk and moose are heavier species in deer family. oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis;
LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass
Straight, horizontal back line usually in the lighter species. Neck of
Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi;
female thinner and more delicate than male. Thin limbs. Four digits per OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens;
limb, only middle two are functional; outer and inner digits very reduced. PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius;
RecAb Rectus abdominis; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVT Serratus ven-
Hoofs on toes. Walks on toes. Short tail.
tralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Stend Semitendinosus;
Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh Stemothyrohyoid; SusLi
AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL
Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; DelAc Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii,
Deltoid, acromiat portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; DLaMn Depressor labii lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa l/fosfus
mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.
- DEER > ANATOMY l6l
(afterellenberger,antless added)
WHITE-TAILED DEER (MALE)
Odocoileus virginianus
- 162 CERVID (DEER FAMILY) > PROPORTION
WHITE-TAILED DEER
ELK (WAPITI)
- CERVID (DEER FAMILY) » PROPORTION 163
MOOSE
CARIBOU
- 164 GIRAFFE » ANATOMY
Giraffe characteristics: Very tall with long neck (elongated neck
vertebrae) and long limbs. Bony prominences of neck vertebrae
can be seen on the surface; brachiocephalicus and omotransver-
sarius muscles, which usually cover the neck, begin low on the
side of the neck, rather than up at the skull and first neck
vertebra. Back line slopes downward toward rear. Usually three,
permanent, bony "horns" in both male and female, covered with
skin and fur. Two located on either side of rear of skull (may be
topped with hairy tufts); third horn (sometimes only a knob)
wider, stubbier, and of variable size, located on midline in front
of the other horns, is more developed in the male. Long, mobile,
prehensile lips; long tongue. Nostrils closable. Large eyes with
long lashes. No front teeth in upper jaw. Two digits with hoofs
per limb. Walks on toes. Long tail with long hair from tip. Upright
mane on midline of neck.
AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph
Brachiocephalicus Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; DelAc Deltoid,
acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; ECR Extensor carpi
radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum
lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal
oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor
digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superflcialis; Front Frontatis;
GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head;
Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Infra
Infraspinatus; Inttr Intertransversarii; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas
Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; LngCa Longus capi-
tis; LngCo Longus colli; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus
capitis; LonCe Longissimus cervicis; Long! Longissimus; Malar Malaris;
Mass Masseter; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; Omohy Omohyoid;
Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris;
PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr
Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius;
Pop Popliteus; RecFe Rectus femoris; ScalV Scalenus ventralis; SemCa
Semispinalis capitis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; Smemb
Semimembranosus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy
Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; SusLi Suspensory ligament;
Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis;
Trach Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo
Triceps brachii, long head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vastus lateralis;
Zyg Zygomaticus. (after blainvilee;skull from specimen)
nguon tai.lieu . vn
