Ebook The Theory and Practice of Perspective - George Adolphus Storey

7/1/2010 The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Th… The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Theoryand Practice of Perspective, by George Adolphus Storey This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title:The Theoryand Practice ofPerspective Author:George Adolphus Storey Release Date:December 22, 2006 [eBook #20165] Language:English Character set encoding:ISO-8859-1 ***STARTOF THEPROJECTGUTENBERGEBOOK THETHEORYAND PRACTICEOF PERSPECTIVE*** E-text prepared by Louise Hope, Suzanne Lybarger, Jonathan Ingram, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net/c/) Lines in the sample drawings are not always parallel. In some cases this may be an artifact of the scanning process, but more often the pictures were not positioned evenly in the original book. Page numbers shown in brackets [ ] held illustrations without text. They will sometimes be out of sequence with adjoining page numbers. A fewtypographical errors have been corrected. They have been marked in the text with mouse-hover popups. HENRYFROWDE, M.A. PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITYOF OXFORD LONDON, EDINBURGH, NEW YORK TORONTO AND MELBOURNE file:///C:/downloads/20165-h.htm 1/161 7/1/2010 The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Th… THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PERSPECTIVE BY G. A. STOREY, A.R.A. TEACHER OF PERSPECTIVE AT THE ROYAL ACADEMY ‘QUÎFIT?’ OXFORD ATTHECLARENDON PRESS 1910 OXFORD PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BYHORACE HART, M.A. PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY DEDICATED iii TO SIR EDWARD J. POYNTER BARONET PRESIDENTOF THE ROYAL ACADEMY INTOKENOF FRIENDSHIP AND REGARD file:///C:/downloads/20165-h.htm 2/161 7/1/2010 The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Th… v PREFACE IT is mucheasier to understand and remember a thingwhena reasonis givenfor it, than whenwe are merelyshownhowto do it without beingtold whyit is so done; for inthe latter case, instead ofbeingassisted byreason, our realhelp inallstudy, we have to relyupon memoryor our power ofimitation, and to do simplyas we are told without thinkingabout it. The consequence is that at the veryfirst difficultywe are left to flounder about inthe dark, or to remaininactive tillthe master comes to our assistance. Nowinthis book it is proposed to enlist the reasoningfacultyfromthe veryfirst:to let one problemgrowout ofanother and to be dependent onthe foregoing, as ingeometry, and so to explaineachthingwe do that there shallbe no doubt inthe mind as to the correctness of the proceeding. The student willthus gainthe power offindingout anynewproblemfor himself, and willtherefore acquire a true knowledge ofperspective. vii CONTENTS BOOK I PAGE THE NECESSITY OF THE STUDY OF PERSPECTIVE TO PAINTERS SCULPTORS AND ARCHITECTS 1 WHAT IS PERSPECTIVE? 6 THE THEORY OF PERSPECTIVE: I. Definitions 13 II. The Point ofSight, the Horizon, and the Point ofDistance. 15 III. Point ofDistance 16 IV. Perspective ofa Point, VisualRays, &c. 20 V. Trace and Projection 21 VI. Scientific DefinitionofPerspective 22 RULES VII. The Rules and Conditions ofPerspective 24 VIII. ATable or Indexofthe Rules ofPerspective 40 BOOK II THE PRACTICE OF PERSPECTIVE: IX. The Square inParallelPerspective 42 file:///C:/downloads/20165-h.htm 3/161 7/1/2010 X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. XL. The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Th… The Diagonal 43 The Square 43 Geometricaland Perspective Figures Contrasted 46 OfCertainTerms made use ofinPerspective 48 Howto Measure Vanishingor RecedingLines 49 Howto Place Squares inGivenPositions 50 Howto DrawPavements, &c. 51 OfSquares placed Verticallyand at Different Heights, or the Cube inParallelPerspective 53 The Transposed Distance 53 The Front Viewofthe Square and ofthe Proportions ofFigures at Different Heights 54 OfPictures that are Painted accordingto the Positiontheyare to Occupy 59 Interiors 62 The Square at anAngle of45° 64 The Cube at anAngle of45° 65 Pavements DrawnbyMeans ofSquares at 45° 66 The Perspective VanishingScale 68 The VanishingScale canbe Drawnto anyPoint onthe Horizon 69 viii ApplicationofVanishingScales to DrawingFigures 71 Howto Determine the Heights ofFigures ona LevelPlane 71 The Horizonabove the Figures 72 Landscape Perspective 74 Figures ofDifferent Heights. The Chessboard 74 Applicationofthe VanishingScale to DrawingFigures at anAngle whentheir VanishingPoints are Inaccessible or Outside the Picture 77 The Reduced Distance. Howto Proceed whenthe Point of Distance is Inaccessible 77 Howto Drawa LongPassage or Cloister byMeans ofthe Reduced Distance 78 Howto Forma VanishingScale that shallgive the Height, Depth, and Distance ofanyObject inthe Picture 79 MeasuringScale onGround 81 Applicationofthe Reduced Distance and the VanishingScale to Drawinga Lighthouse, &c. 84 Howto Measure LongDistances suchas a Mile or Upwards 85 Further IllustrationofLongDistances and Extended Views. 87 Howto Ascertainthe Relative Heights ofFigures onanInclined file:///C:/downloads/20165-h.htm 4/161 7/1/2010 The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Th… Plane 88 XLI. XLII. XLIII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. XLVII. XLVIII. Howto Find the Distance ofa GivenFigure or Point fromthe Base Line 89 Howto Measure the Height ofFigures onUnevenGround 90 Further Illustrationofthe Size ofFigures at Different Distances and onUnevenGround 91 Figures ona DescendingPlane 92 Further Illustrationofthe DescendingPlane 95 Further IllustrationofUnevenGround 95 The Picture Standingonthe Ground 96 The Picture ona Height 97 BOOK III XLIX. L. LI. LII. LIII. LIV. LV. LVI. LVII. LVIII. LIX. LX. LXI. LXII. LXIII. LXIV. LXV. LXVI. LXVII. LXVIII. Angular Perspective 98 Howto put a GivenPoint into Perspective 99 APerspective Point beinggiven, Find its Positiononthe GeometricalPlane 100 Howto put a GivenLine into Perspective 101 ix To Find the Lengthofa GivenPerspective Line 102 To Find these Points whenthe Distance-Point is Inaccessible 103 Howto put a GivenTriangle or other RectilinealFigure into Perspective 104 Howto put a GivenSquare into Angular Perspective 105 OfMeasuringPoints 106 Howto Divide anyGivenStraight Line into Equalor Proportionate Parts 107 Howto Divide a DiagonalVanishingLine into anyNumber of Equalor ProportionalParts 107 Further Use ofthe MeasuringPoint O 110 Further Use ofthe MeasuringPoint O 110 Another Method ofAngular Perspective, beingthat Adopted in our Art Schools 112 Two Methods ofAngular Perspective inone Figure 115 To Drawa Cube, the Points beingGiven 115 Amplificationofthe Cube Applied to Drawinga Cottage 116 Howto DrawanInterior at anAngle 117 Howto Correct Distorted Perspective byDoublingthe Line of Distance 118 Howto Drawa Cube ona GivenSquare, usingonlyOne VanishingPoint 119 file:///C:/downloads/20165-h.htm 5/161 ... - tailieumienphi.vn