Ebook Grammar and writing handbook Grade 4

GRADE 4 Grammar and Writing Handbook ISBN: 0–328–07540–X Copyright © 2004, Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V000 09 08 07 06 05 04 scottforesman.com Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois · Parsippany, New Jersey · New York, New York Sales Offices: Parsippany, New Jersey · Duluth, Georgia · Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas · Ontario, California · Mesa, Arizona Writer’s Guide 5 WRITER’S GUIDE Ideas and Content Good writers set out with a main idea and a purpose in mind. The main idea is the point they want to make. The purpose is how they will make that point. Will the writing inform, persuade, or entertain readers? Even a phone message has a main idea and a purpose. Mom, Sam has a ride home from soccer tonight with Mr. Kim. He will be Main Idea How and when Sam will get home Purpose To inform Mom here by 6. Jamie FOCUS Everything you Details Details support and develop your main idea. This telephone note tells Mom who is driving Sam and when he is arriving. These details give important information. Details can also make writing lively and interesting. Compare the two sentences below. Our dog likes candy. (lacks detail) Our collie Shadow cocks her head and wags her tail write should support your main idea. Details that are off the subject or unimportant weaken writing. when she hears a candy wrapper crinkle. (adds interest) Strategies for Choosing a Topic and a Purpose · Choose a topic that you can work with. For example, “Famous Presidents” is too large a topic for a one-paragraph essay. · Choose a purpose that fits your topic. For example, a funny story would entertain readers, but an article on war might not. 6 Writing Ideas and Content WRITER’S GUIDE A Match the number of each writing assignment with the letter of the purpose that best suits it. A To entertain B To inform C To persuade 1. Arguments for year-round school 2. A recipe 3. A story about a funny day at school B Read the paragraph below. Write the number of any sentence that does not focus on the main idea stated in the first sentence. 4. The colors of wildflowers attract animals for pollination. 5. Yellow lantana flowers attract butterflies. 6. Blue flowers are my favorite. 7. Birds like bright red poppies. 8. Wind also helps pollinate flowers. 9. The colorful birthwort flower attracts flies, covers them with pollen, and then lets them escape. 10. One flower even smells like rotten meat to attract flies. C Complete one of the following sentences to begin a paragraph. Then write three sentences of your own to give details about the first sentence. _____ make the best pets. The best movie I ever saw was _____. My favorite season is _____. _____ is the best sport. Writing Ideas and Content 7 WRITER’S GUIDE Organization When you write, you need to put ideas in an order that makes sense. Organization—the way ideas are put together—is like the skeleton of a body. It holds things together and gives shape. Here are some ways to organize your writing. · a story with a beginning, middle, and end · a comparison-contrast · a step-by-step explanation · a description from top to bottom Before you begin to write, think of the best way to put your ideas together. For example, if you are describing how two best friends are alike and different, a comparison-contrast would work. If you are telling about something that happened to you, a story form would be good. Choosing a basic structure is only the first step in organizing your writing. You will also need to connect your ideas and make them move from beginning to end. Strategies for Organizing Ideas · Save the most important idea until last and build up to it. · Use sequence words such as first, next, tomorrow, and finally. · Use connectors such as but and however to show differences and too and also to show likenesses. GRAPHIC ORGANIZER A graphic organizer such as a web,Venn diagram, or outline can help you organize your ideas. 8 Writing Organization ... - tailieumienphi.vn