Ebook Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science: Part 2

N NAD AD noun a supplement used for fighting the symptoms of fatigue. Full form nicoti-namide adenine dinucleotide nandrolone drolone noun an anabolic steroid that builds muscle (NOTE: Its use is banned by the International Amateur Athletics Federation.) nap ap noun (in horse racing) a tip for a horse that is very likely to win naprapathy rapathynoun a system of therapy that combines diet with manipulation of joints, ligaments and muscles to assist the body’s natural regenerative ability narcotic rcotic noun any typically addictive drug, especially one derived from opium, e.g. cocaine, that may produce effects ranging from pain relief and sleep to stupor, coma and convulsions narcotic analgesic tic analgesic noun a painkiller sometimes misused by athletes to allow them to continue to train despite injury nares res plural noun the nostrils (NOTE: The singular is naris.) nasopharynx opharynx noun the top part of the pharynx that connects with the nose nationalstionals plural noun a sports or games competition in which participants from all parts of a nation are involved national sportonal sport noun a sport that is very popular in a country and is considered to be part of its culture natriuresisriuresis noun the loss of excessive amounts of sodium in urine natural additiveral additivenoun a food additive that is a natural extract of a raw material, rather than a synthesised chemical nature cure ure cure noun a holistic approach to medicine that only uses natural substances and remedies in order to allow the body’s own natural powers of healing and protection to treat illness or disease nature-identicalre-identicaladjective referring to a synthesised additive that is chemically iden-tical to one naturally occurring in food Nautilus utilus a trade name for a manufacturer of professional exercise equipment nebulin bulin noun a molecule in muscle tissue that binds actin neckeck noun a part of the body that connects the head to the shoulders necrosis crosis noun the death of a part of the body such as a bone, tissue or an organ as a result of disease or injury necrotic crotic adjective referring to, or affected with, necrosis negative 142 negative gative noun an exercise in which a weight is lowered slowly against gravity negative attitude tive attitude noun a pessimistic mental attitude towards an activity that may decrease the chance of succeeding negative energy balanceve energy balance noun a situation in which a person is using more energy on a day-to-day basis than he or she consumes, leading to weight loss negative thinking tive thinking noun a way of thinking that is pessimistic and focusing only on bad things that may happen neoprene oprenenoun a type of plastic used for making sports injury braces and supports and for making wetsuits nerve rve noun 1. a bundle of fibres that can transmit electrochemical impulses and that forms part of the network that connects the brain and spinal cord to the body’s organs 2. the sensitive tissue in the root of a tooth nerve block ve block noun the act of stopping the function of a nerve by injecting an anaes-thetic nerve cell ve cell noun same as neuron nerve centreve centre noun the point at which nerves come together nerve endingve ending noun same as sensory receptor nerve fibre ve fibre noun a thin structure leading from a nerve cell and carrying nerve impulses, e.g. an axon nerve impulse e impulse noun an electrochemical impulse that is transmitted by nerve cells nerve regeneration regenerationnoun the growth of new nerve tissue after damage has occurred nerve root ve root noun the first part of a nerve as it leaves or joins the spinal column nerve tissueve tissuenoun tissue which forms nerves, and which is able to transmit the nerve impulses nervous system ous system noun the nervous tissues of the body, including the peripheral nerves, spinal cord, ganglia and nerve centres nervous tic vous tic noun an involuntary twitch of a muscle, especially of the face, that is sometimes a symptom of nervousness or a nervous disease net noun 1. in some sports such as tennis and volleyball, a strip of meshwork material that divides a court into halves and over which the players must hit a ball or shuttlecock 2. in some sports such as football and water polo, a goal with a backing made of mesh-work material 3. (in cricket) an indoor or outdoor practice pitch surrounded on three sides by nets that contain the ball after it has been hit L verb 1. in games such as football and hockey, to hit the ball into the net so as to score 2. in games such as tennis and volleyball, to hit the ball into the net so as to lose a serve, and sometimes a point netball tball noun an indoor or outdoor game usually played by girls or women in which goals are scored by throwing a ball through a raised net. Players can hand or throw the ball to each other but not run with it. net cord t cord noun a tennis shot, especially a serve, that touches the net before landing on the opponent’s side. In the case of a serve, the server retakes the shot. net dietary protein energy ratiory protein energy ratio noun the protein content of a food, expressed as the amount of protein contained and the quality of it. Abbreviation NDpE net protein retentionotein retention noun a measure of protein quality, comparing its protein effi-ciency ratio with the weight loss of a test group fed no protein. Abbreviation NPR net protein utilisation tein utilisation noun a measure of protein quality, taking into account both its biological value and its digestibility. Abbreviation NPU 143 neuroscience nettle tea tle tea noun an infusion of nettle leaves, traditionally used for cleansing and detoxifying the body neural ural adjective relating to a nerve or the nervous system neural arch ral arch noun a curved part of a vertebra, which forms the space through which the spinal cord passes neuralgiauralgia noun a spasm of pain that runs along a nerve neuralgicuralgic adjective relating to pain felt in the nerves neural networkral network noun an interconnecting system of nerve cells, e.g. the system that makes the brain function neurasthenia rasthenia noun a type of neurosis in which a person is mentally and physically irritable and extremely fatigued neurectomy noun a surgical operation to remove all or part of a nerve (NOTE: The plural is neurectomies.) neuritis uritis noun inflammation of a nerve, giving a constant pain neuroactive roactive adjective having an effect on neural tissue or the nervous system neuroanatomy roanatomy noun the scientific study of the structure of the nervous system neurobiology robiology noun same as neuroscience neurochemistry ochemistrynoun the study of the chemical composition of and reactions within the nervous system neurodegenerative degenerative adjective sued for describing a disorder such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease that causes damage to the nerves neuroendocrinology endocrinology noun the study of the interrelationships between the nervous system, the endocrine system, and hormones neurogenic adjective 1. coming from the nervous system 2. relating to the growth of nerve tissue neurohormone rohormonenoun a hormone produced in some nerve cells and secreted from the nerve endings neuroleptic roleptic noun an anti-psychotic drug that calms a person and stops him or her from worrying, e.g. chlorpromazine hydrochloride neurological rological adjective relating to neurology neurologyurology noun the scientific study of the nervous system and its diseases neuromuscularromuscular adjective referring to both nerves and muscles neuromuscular junction uscular junction noun the point where a motor neuron joins muscle fibre. Also called myoneural junction neuron uron, neurone noun a cell in the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses neuropathy noun any disease involving destruction of the tissues of the nervous system (NOTE: The plural is neuropathies.) neuropeptide Yropeptide Ynoun a neurotransmitter that has a role in controlling feeding behav-iour and appetite neurophysiology ophysiology noun the study of the physiology of nerves neuroscience roscience noun the scientific study of the molecular and cellular levels of the nervous system, of systems within the brain such as vision and hearing, and of behav-iour produced by the brain. Also called neurobiology neurosecretion 144 neurosecretion osecretion noun 1. a substance secreted by a nerve cell 2. the process of secre-tion of an active substance by nerve cells neurotoxic rotoxic adjective harmful or poisonous to nerve cells neurotoxicityrotoxicitynoun the extent to which a substance damages, destroys or impairs the functioning of nerve tissue neurotoxin rotoxin noun a substance that damages, destroys or impairs the functioning of nerve tissue neurotransmission transmissionnoun communication of electricalimpulses between nerve cells or between a nerve cell and a muscle neurotransmitterotransmitternoun a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another neurotripsy rotripsy noun surgical bruising or crushing of a nerve neurotrophic rotrophic adjective relating to the nutrition and maintenance of tissue of the nervous system neurovascularrovascular adjective in or involving the nerves and blood vessels neutral spine tral spine noun a position for the spine in which no joint is flexed and force is distributed equally neutral zone tral zone noun (in sport) the space between the areas of two competing teams, especially the area between the linemen of American football teams or the middle area of an ice hockey rink between the two blue lines niacin acin noun a vitamin of the vitamin B complex found in milk, meat, liver, kidney, yeast, beans, peas and bread, lack of which can cause mental disorders and pellagra. Also called nicotinic acid nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ide adenine dinucleotide noun full form of NAD ninjitsu jitsu noun a Japanese martial art that emphasises stealth in movement and camou-flage nitratetrate noun a chemical compound containing the nitrate ion, e.g. sodium nitrate nitric oxideic oxide noun a sports supplement that promotes vasodilation, causing an increased blood flow to the muscles. Abbreviation NO nitrogen-free extract en-free extractnoun the portion of a foodstuff when analysed that comprises only sugars and starches. Abbreviation NFE nitrogen narcosisgen narcosis noun light-headedness, confusion or exhilaration caused by increased nitrogen in the blood. This occurs in deep-sea divers exposed to pressures several times that of the atmosphere. nitrox trox noun a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen used for recreational diving NO O abbreviation nitric oxide no ball ballnoun in cricket, a ball that has been bowled in a way not permitted by the rules of the game noci receptor i receptor noun a sensory nerve that carries pain to the brain nollie llie noun (in skateboarding) a leap into the air on the board performed by pushing down on the front end of the board non-aerobic exercise erobic exercise noun exercise in which there is little or no increase of respi-ration and heart rate, e.g. stretching non-competitive competitive adjective used for describing a sport or activity that does not involve any element of competition 145 norming non-dietary polysaccharides tary polysaccharides noun same as dietary fibre non-displaced fracture splaced fracture noun a fractured bone in which the pieces of bone remain in alignment with each other non-energy-dependent nergy-dependent adjective used for describing a sport that involves skill more than movement and so does not require a large amount of energy metabolism, e.g. golf non-essential -essential adjective manufactured by the body and therefore not essential in the diet non-essential amino acidssential amino acidsplural noun amino acids that can be synthesised in the body and so do not need to be obtained in the diet. d essential amino acids non-fat n-fat adjective without fat solids, or with the fat content removed non-fattening -fattening adjective not likely to cause a gain in weight non-haem iron -haem iron noun dietary iron found in plants. Compare haem iron non-nutrient -nutrient adjective used for describing a foodstuff that contains no nutrients non-prescription drugrescription drugnoun a drug that can be bought without a doctor’s prescrip-tion non-sporting -sporting adjective not relating to, used in sports activities non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug id anti-inflammatory drug noun an anti-inflammatory drug that does not contain a steroid substance. Abbreviation NSAID non-team n-team adjective used for describing an athlete who does not take part in team sports non-therapeutic therapeutic adjective not used in the treatment of diseases or disorders or for maintaining health non-titlen-title adjective used for describing a match or competition in which a sports title or championship is not at stake non-weight-bearing eight-bearing adjective used for describing exercise that does not carrying any weight and so encourages the strengthening of bone fibres non-zero-sum competition ro-sum competition noun a competition in which the losing players still may achieve something, e.g. a position on a league table noradrenaline drenaline noun a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands that acts as a vasoconstrictor and is used for maintaining blood pressure in shock, haemor-rhage or hypotension noradrenergic drenergic adjective releasing or involving noradrenaline in the transmission of nerve impulses norandrostenedione drostenedione noun a sports supplement that converts to nandrolone in the body Nordic rdicadjectiveused for describing any skiing activity or event in which the boots are fitted to the skis at the toe only Nordic Walking ic Walking noun a form of health walking in which the upper body is worked out, using poles for balance norethisterone thisterone noun a drug used for treating amenorrhoea and menstrual disorders suffered by female athletes norming rming noun the third stage of team development according to the Tuckman model, in which the members of the team agree on basic principles and each brings his or her behaviour into line with that of the others ... - tailieumienphi.vn