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- NHIÊN LIỆU HÀNG HẢI
(MARINE FUEL)
NHÓM 4: ĐỖ THỊ LIÊN
NGUYỄN NGỌC NGHIỆP
- CONTENT
Thực trạng
Lịch sử hình thành động cơ hàng hải
Động cơ hàng hải
Nhiên liệu hàng hải và nguồn gốc
Tiêu chuẩn đánh giá
Tính chất nhiên liệu và phụ gia
Nhiên liệu hàng hải trong tương lai
- MARINE TRAFFIC
- Delivery Locations
300,000 cubic metres in Singapore
300,000 cubic metres in Tanjung Bin
275,000 cubic metres floating storage in Tanjung Pelepas anchorage
Dung quất 70.000 tones = 56,000 cubic metres
- IN VIET NAM
- SO SÁNH GIÁ CẢ DIESEL, XĂNG, MARINE
Sản phẩm Vùng 1 Vùng 2
Xăng RON 95 24.710 25.200
Xăng RON 92 24.210 24.690
DO 0,05S 22.960 23.410
DO 0,25S 22.910 23.360
Dầu hoả 22.400 22.840
- PRICES
Diesel oil: 990.77 USD/ tone
- HISTORY OF MARINE ENGINE
Start of 21st
1960s
century
Considerable
1950s Diesel ships
benefit due to
• Innovations for accounted
cheaper
diesel engine to for 98% fleet.
1920s use heavier residual fuels.
fuels. Diesel ship
• Diesel and
• High alkalinity using residual
residual
cylinder
First half increase
lubricants for fuels popular
• Diesel more
of 20th benefit due to
high sulphur
century residual fuels
small
• Steamship difference of
popular cost
- NGUYÊN LÍ HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG CƠ HÀNG HẢI
Động cơ 2 thì: tạo công và nén trước; nén và hút
Ưu điểm: hiệu suất riêng
(hiệu suất trên dung tích)
cao.
Thiết kế đơn giản động cơ
hai thì mang lại nhiều ưu
điểm như dễ bảo trì hơn và
có khối lượng di động (trục
khuỷu, píttông,...) nhỏ hơn.
Vận tốc pittong nhỏ
Thích hợp cho tàu thủy
công suất lớn (nòng xy lanh
1 mét)
- ĐỘNG CƠ 4 KÌ
Tốc độ pittong bé hơn, công suất
nhỏ hơn, cháy sạch hơn hai kỳ.
Chỉ thích hợp cho loại tàu thủy
hạng nhẹ
- TIÊU CHUẨN KHÍ THẢI CHO MARINE FUEL
Tier 2* Marine Emission Standards
Category Displacement (D) CO NOx+THC PM Date
dm3 per cylinder g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh
Power ≥ 37 kW
5.0 7.5 0.40 2005
D < 0.9
1 0.9 ≤ D < 1.2 5.0 7.2 0.30 2004
1.2 ≤ D < 2.5 5.0 7.2 0.20 2004
2.5 ≤ D < 5.0 5.0 7.2 0.20 2007a
5.0 ≤ D < 15 5.0 7.8 0.27 2007a
15 ≤ D < 20
5.0 8.7 0.50 2007a
Power < 3300 kW
2 15 ≤ D < 20
5.0 9.8 0.50 2007a
Power ≥ 3300 kW
20 ≤ D < 25 5.0 9.8 0.50 2007a
25 ≤ D < 30 5.0 11.0 0.50 2007a
* - Tier 1 standards are equivalent to the MARPOL Annex VI Tier I NOx limits
a - Tier 1 certification requirement starts in 2004
- “Blue Sky Series” Voluntary Emission Standards
Displacement (D) NOx+THC PM
dm3 per cylinder g/kWh g/kWh
Power ≥ 37 kW & D < 0.9 4.0 0.24
0.9 ≤ D < 1.2 4.0 0.18
1.2 ≤ D < 2.5 4.0 0.12
2.5 ≤ D < 5.0 5.0 0.12
5.0 ≤ D < 15 5.0 0.16
15 ≤ D < 20 & Power <
5.2 0.30
3300 kW
15 ≤ D < 20 & Power ≥
5.9 0.30
3300 kW
20 ≤ D < 25 5.9 0.30
25 ≤ D < 30 6.6 0.30
- Tier 3 Standards for Marine Diesel Category 1 Commercial
Standard Power Density (≤ 35 kW/dm3) Engines
Power (P) Displacement (D) NOx+HC† PM Date
kW dm3 per cylinder g/kWh g/kWh
P < 19 D < 0.9 7.5 0.40 2009
7.5 0.30 2009
19 ≤ P < 75 D < 0.9a
4.7b 0.30b 2014
D < 0.9 5.4 0.14 2012
0.9 ≤ D < 1.2 5.4 0.12 2013
75 ≤ P < 3700 1.2 ≤ D < 2.5 5.6 0.11c 2014
2.5 ≤ D < 3.5 5.6 0.11c 2013
3.5 ≤ D < 7 5.8 0.11c 2012
† Tier 3 NOx+HC standards do not apply to 2000-3700 kW engines.
a - < 75 kW engines ≥ 0.9 dm3/cylinder are subject to the corresponding 75-3700 kW standards.
b - Option: 0.20 g/kWh PM & 5.8 g/kWh NOx+HC in 2014.
c - This standard level drops to 0.10 g/kWh in 2018 for < 600 kW engines.
- Tier 3 Standards for Marine Diesel Category 1 Commercial High Power Density (> 35 kW/dm3) Engines
And All Diesel Recreational Engines
Power (P) Displacement (D) NOx+HC PM Date
kW dm3 per cylinder g/kWh g/kWh
P < 19 D < 0.9 7.5 0.40 2009
7.5 0.30 2009
19 ≤ P < 75 D < 0.9a
4.7b 0.30b 2014
D < 0.9 5.8 0.15 2012
0.9 ≤ D < 1.2 5.8 0.14 2013
75 ≤ P < 3700 1.2 ≤ D < 2.5 5.8 0.12 2014
2.5 ≤ D < 3.5 5.8 0.12 2013
3.5 ≤ D < 7 5.8 0.11 2012
a - < 75 kW engines ≥ 0.9 dm3/cylinder are subject to the corresponding 75-3700 kW standards.
b - Option: 0.20 g/kWh PM & 5.8 g/kWh NOx+HC in 2014.
- TYPES OF MARINE FUELS
MGO (Marine gas oil) made from distillate only.
MDO (Marine diesel oil) - A blend of heavy gasoil that may contain very small amounts of
black refinery feed stocks, but has a low viscosity up to 12 cSt so it need not be heated for
use in internal combustion engines
IFO (Intermediate fuel oil) A blend of gasoil and heavy fuel oil, with less gasoil than marine
diesel oil
MFO (Marine fuel oil) or HFO (Heavy fuel oil) - Pure or nearly pure residual oil.
MGO MDO IFO MFO
Distillate Fuels Residual Fuels
- OTHER CLASSIFICATION
• According ISO 8217 standard:
DMX DMA DMB DMC RX*
• contain
• Also called • Also called • Residual
• special residual
MGO MDO (non-
light fuel, and is
distillate • free from • May have often a distillate)
intended traces of traces of residual • identified
mainly for residual residual fuel blend by their
use in fuel fuel nominal
emergency • can be viscosity
engines. high in (e.g.,
sulfur RMA10,
RMG35,…)
Distillate Fuels Residual Fuels
Standards have also been developed for biodiesel fuels and their blends.
- CII (CALCULATED IGNITION INDEX )
Same CN
- CCAI
(CALCULATED CARBON AROMATICITY INDEX)
nguon tai.lieu . vn
