Lecture Mosby's paramedic textbook (4th ed) - Chapter 57: Hazardous materials awareness

9/11/2012 1 Chapter 57 Hazardous Materials Awareness 2 Learning Objectives • Define hazardous materials terminology. • Identify legislation about hazardous materials that influences emergency health care workers. • Describe resources to assist in identification and management of hazardous materials incidents. 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/11/2012 Learning Objectives • Identify the protective clothing and equipment needed to respond to selected hazardous materials incidents. • Describe the pathophysiology and signs and symptoms of internal damage caused by exposure to selected hazardous materials. • Identify the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and prehospital management of selected hazardous materials that produce external damage. 4 Learning Objectives • Outline the prehospital response to a hazardous materials emergency. • Describe medical monitoring and rehabilitation of rescue workers who respond to a hazardous materials emergency. 5 Learning Objectives • Describe emergency decontamination and management of patients who have been contaminated by hazardous materials. • Outline the eight steps to decontaminate rescue personnel and equipment at a hazardous materials incident. 6 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/11/2012 Scope of Hazardous Materials • Hazardous material defined as “any substance or material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property” – More than 50 billion tons of hazardous materials are made in U.S. each year – About 2 billion tons are shipped within U.S. – From 1998 to 2007, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) reports there were 141 hazmat transportation‐related fatalities, roughly 14 per year • Of these, 124 deaths were on highways and 17 were rail‐ related 7 Scope of Hazardous Materials • Emergency responses to vehicular crashes are common – Potential for exposure to hazardous materials is great – Other possible causes of hazardous materials incidents • Mishaps in storage of materials and manufacturing operations • Illicit drug manufacturing (e.g., “meth labs”) • Acts of terrorism 8 Consider the industries in your area. Do any of these have the potential for a hazardous materials exposure? 9 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 3 9/11/2012 Scope of Hazardous Materials • Injury or illness can also result from exposure to – Household chemicals – Pesticides – Industrial toxins 10 Scope of Hazardous Materials • The following statistics emphasize importance of EMS personnel knowing how to manage hazardous materials exposure – About 9000 deaths occur each year from exposure to poisonous solids, liquids, gases – Estimated 100,000 industrial workers are exposed to respiratory irritants each year – Pesticide poisoning accounts for more than 3000 hospitalizations each year – Most fire‐related deaths result from inhalation of toxic products of combustion 11 Laws and Regulations • In recent years, much focus has been placed on handling of hazardous materials – Major incidents have attracted attention of employee and citizen groups – Have drawn attention of local, state, and federal officials 12 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 4 9/11/2012 Laws and Regulations • In recent years, much focus has been placed on handling of hazardous materials – Examples of incidents • Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal, India (1984) • Chernobyl nuclear accident in Soviet Union (1986) • Three Mile Island incident in United States (1979) • Criticality accident in Tokaimura, Japan (1999) • Threats and acts of bioterrorism (e.g., sarin gas attack on Tokyo subways in 1995) • Anthrax attacks in United States (2001) • Need for proper disposal of hazardous wastes 13 Laws and Regulations • Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (Superfund Act) of 1986 – Established requirements for federal, state, and local governments and industry regarding emergency planning and reporting of hazardous materials‐related incidents – Intended to help communities better manage chemical emergency – Helped increase public knowledge about hazardous materials in communities – Helped to improve public access to this information 14 Laws and Regulations • Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (Superfund Act) of 1986 – Required owners and operators of facilities using or storing any of extremely hazardous substances identified by EPA to notify • Local fire department • Local emergency planning committee • State emergency response commission 15 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 5 ... - tailieumienphi.vn