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Configuring & Troubleshooting MS Windows XP

Tham khảo tài liệu 'configuring & troubleshooting ms windows xp', tài liệu phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả 1 YEAR UPGRADE BUYER PROTECTION PLAN Configuring and Troubleshooting WINDOWS XP Professional Everything You Need to Install and Configure Windows XP Professional • Step-by-Step Instructions for Performing a Network Installation of Windows XP Professional • Complete Coverage of Upgrading Legacy Systems to Windows XP • Determine a Complete Security Policy fo

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  1. 1 YEAR UPGRADE BUYER PROTECTION PLAN Configuring and Troubleshooting WINDOWS XP Professional Everything You Need to Install and Configure Windows XP Professional • Step-by-Step Instructions for Performing a Network Installation of Windows XP Professional • Complete Coverage of Upgrading Legacy Systems to Windows XP • Determine a Complete Security Policy for Windows XP Using Internet Connection Firewall, Encrypting File System, and NTFS Martin Grasdal Technical Editor Brian Barber Chad Todd Norris L. Johnson, Jr. Robert Shimonski
  2. solutions@syngress.com With more than 1,500,000 copies of our MCSE, MCSD, CompTIA, and Cisco study guides in print, we continue to look for ways we can better serve the information needs of our readers. One way we do that is by listening. Readers like yourself have been telling us they want an Internet-based ser- vice that would extend and enhance the value of our books. Based on reader feedback and our own strategic plan, we have created a Web site that we hope will exceed your expectations. Solutions@syngress.com is an interactive treasure trove of useful infor- mation focusing on our book topics and related technologies. The site offers the following features: s One-year warranty against content obsolescence due to vendor product upgrades. You can access online updates for any affected chapters. s “Ask the Author” customer query forms that enable you to post questions to our authors and editors. s Exclusive monthly mailings in which our experts provide answers to reader queries and clear explanations of complex material. s Regularly updated links to sites specially selected by our editors for readers desiring additional reliable information on key topics. Best of all, the book you’re now holding is your key to this amazing site. Just go to www.syngress.com/solutions, and keep this book handy when you register to verify your purchase. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to serve your needs. And be sure to let us know if there’s anything else we can do to help you get the maximum value from your investment. We’re listening. www.syngress.com/solutions
  3. 1 YEAR UPGRADE BUYER PROTECTION PLAN Configuring and Troubleshooting Windows XP Professional Brian Barber Chad Todd Norris L. Johnson, Jr. Robert J. Shimonski Martin Grasdal Technical Editor
  4. Syngress Publishing, Inc., the author(s), and any person or firm involved in the writing, editing, or production (collectively “Makers”) of this book (“the Work”) do not guarantee or warrant the results to be obtained from the Work. There is no guarantee of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the Work or its contents.The Work is sold AS IS and WITHOUT WARRANTY. You may have other legal rights, which vary from state to state. In no event will Makers be liable to you for damages, including any loss of profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising out from the Work or its contents. Because some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. You should always use reasonable care, including backup and other appropriate precautions, when working with computers, networks, data, and files. Syngress Media®, Syngress®, “Career Advancement Through Skill Enhancement®,” and “Ask the Author UPDATE®,” are registered trademarks of Syngress Publishing, Inc. “Mission Critical™,”“Hack Proofing™,” and “The Only Way to Stop a Hacker is to Think Like One™” are trademarks of Syngress Publishing, Inc. Brands and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their respective companies. KEY SERIAL NUMBER 001 MM99BX6YDF 002 AHDH9W8RAT 003 2BSKFJF4TG 004 DNDU75TA39 005 KQSER5R789 006 7GDATRZ575 007 86NHGHK8Y6 008 7GBFSE45LU 009 SVT5H7KER8 010 LVX23F35HY PUBLISHED BY Syngress Publishing, Inc. 800 Hingham Street Rockland, MA 02370 Configuring and Troubleshooting Windows XP Professional Copyright © 2001 by Syngress Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ISBN: 1-928994-80-6 Technical Editors: Martin Grasdal Freelance Editorial Manager: Maribeth Corona-Evans and John M. Gunson II Technical Reviewer:Will Schmied Cover Designer: Michael Kavish Co-Publisher: Richard Kristof Page Layout and Art by: Shannon Tozier Acquisitions Editor: Catherine B. Nolan Copy Editor: Darren Meiss Developmental Editor: Jonathan Babcock Indexer: Jennifer Coker Distributed by Publishers Group West in the United States and Jaguar Book Group in Canada.
  5. Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness and support in making this book possible. Richard Kristof and Duncan Anderson of Global Knowledge, for their generous access to the IT industry’s best courses, instructors, and training facilities. Ralph Troupe, Rhonda St. John, and the team at Callisma for their invaluable insight into the challenges of designing, deploying and supporting world-class enterprise networks. Karen Cross, Lance Tilford, Meaghan Cunningham, Kim Wylie, Harry Kirchner, Kevin Votel, Kent Anderson, and Frida Yara of Publishers Group West for sharing their incredible marketing experience and expertise. Mary Ging, Caroline Hird, Simon Beale, Caroline Wheeler,Victoria Fuller, Jonathan Bunkell, and Klaus Beran of Harcourt International for making certain that our vision remains worldwide in scope. Annabel Dent of Harcourt Australia for all her help. David Buckland,Wendi Wong, Daniel Loh, Marie Chieng, Lucy Chong, Leslie Lim, Audrey Gan, and Joseph Chan of Transquest Publishers for the enthusiasm with which they receive our books. Kwon Sung June at Acorn Publishing for his support. Ethan Atkin at Cranbury International for his help in expanding the Syngress program. v
  6. Technical Editors and Contributors Martin Grasdal (BA, MCSE+I on Windows NT 4.0, MCSE on Windows 2000, MCT, CNE, CNI, CTT, A+) is Director of Cramsession Content at BrainBuzz.com and is a co-founder of Eutechnia Solutions, a computer consulting and training firm based in Edmonton, Canada. Martin has been an MCT since 1995 and an MCSE since 1996. His training and network experience covers a broad range of products, including NetWare, Lotus Notes,Windows NT and 2000, Exchange Server, IIS, Proxy Server, and ISA Server 2000. Martin was the Technical Editor for the bestselling Syngress Publishing’s Configuring ISA Server 2000: Building Firewalls for Windows 2000 (ISBN: 1-928994-29-6) by Thomas and Deb Shinder. Martin also works actively as a consultant. His recent consulting experience includes contract work for Microsoft as a Technical Contributor to the MCP Program on projects related to server technologies. Martin lives in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, with his wife Cathy and their two sons. John M. Gunson II (MCSE, MCT, Master CNE, CCNA) is an infra- structure consultant, trainer, author, and speaker. He has worked in the Information Technology field for nearly 13 years, designing and deploying complex solutions utilizing Microsoft, Novell, and Cisco products for cor- porations in the Philadelphia and New York areas. John has written and contributed to several Syngress Publishing titles, including Deploying Windows 2000 with Support Tools, and PC Maintenance & Repair DVD Kit (ISBN: 1-928994-41-5). He has also written several articles on Microsoft and Cisco technologies for Windows 2000 Magazine and Microsoft Certified Professional Magazine. John lives in the Philadelphia suburbs with his family and ever growing collection of computer and network equipment. vii
  7. Contributors David L. Hopper (MCSE, MCP+I, CCNP, NNCSS) is a Senior Network Support Engineer with SBC Datacomm. David currently pro- vides multivendor network support to internal network engineers and contract clients. His areas of expertise include Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP, Cisco and Nortel routers, Symantec Enterprise Firewall (formerly Raptor Firewall), and general network design, implementation, and optimization. David’s background includes positions as a Senior Infrastructure Engineer with the Anixter Inc. networking division, an Enterprise LAN Engineer at Anixter Inc., and a Support Engineer with Reeves Data Corporation. David resides in Waukegan, IL with his fiancée Valerie. Mark Horninger (A+, MCSE+I, MCSD, MCDBA) is President and founder of Haverford Consultants Inc. (www.haverford-consultants.com), located in the suburbs of Philadelphia, PA. He develops custom applica- tions and system engineering solutions, specializing primarily in Microsoft operating systems and Microsoft BackOffice products. He has over 10 years of computer consulting experience and has passed 29 Microsoft Certified exams. During his career, Mark has worked on many extensive projects including database development, application development, training, embedded systems development, and Windows NT and 2000 project rollout planning and implementations. Mark lives with his wife Debbie and two children in Havertown, PA. Robert J. Shimonski (Cisco CCDP, CCNP, Nortel NNCSS, MCSE, MCP+I, Master CNE, CIP, CIBS, CWP, CIW, GSEC, GCIH, Server+, Network+, Inet+, A+) is a Lead Network and Security Engineer for Thomson Industries Inc.Thomson Industries is the leading manufacturer and provider of linear motion products and engineering. Robert’s special- ties include network infrastructure design with the Cisco and Nortel product line, network security design and management with CiscoSecure viii
  8. and PIX Firewalls, network management and troubleshooting with CiscoWorks and Sniffer-based technologies, systems engineering and administration with Microsoft NT/2000/XP, UNIX, Linux, Apple, and Novell Netware technologies, and developing a host of Web-based solu- tions for companies securing their market on the Web. He has also con- tributed to hundreds of articles, study guides, and certification preparation software for Web sites and organizations worldwide, including Brainbuzz.com and SANS.Org. Robert’s background includes positions as a Network Architect at Avis Rent A Car and Cendant Information Technology. Robert holds a bachelor’s degree from SUNY, NY and is a part-time Licensed Technical Instructor for Computer Career Center in Garden City, NY teaching Windows-based and Networking Technologies. Brian Barber (MCSE, MCP+I, MCNE, CNE-5, CNE-4, CNA-3, CNA-GW), co-author of Syngress Publishing’s Configuring Exchange 2000 Server (ISBN: 1-928994-25-3) is a Senior Technology Consultant with Sierra Systems Consultants Inc. in Ottawa, Canada. As such, he provides technical architecture consulting and analysis to public and private sector clients. Brian specializes in technical and network architecture, focusing on Web-enabled service delivery through directory services and mes- saging. His background includes positions as Senior Technical Analyst at MetLife and Senior Technical Coordinator at the LGS Group Inc. (now a part of IBM Global Services). He would like to thank his family for all of their help, love, and support, and Glen Donegan at Microsoft Canada for providing the software he needed to set up a test environment. Chad Todd (MCSE, MCT, CNE, CAN, A+, Network+, I-Net+) is a Systems Trainer for Ikon Education Services, a global provider of tech- nology training. He currently teaches Windows 2000 and Windows XP courses. In addition to training for Ikon, Chad also provides private con- sulting for small- to medium-sized companies. Chad is the author of Syngress Publishing’s Hack Proofing Windows 2000 Server (ISBN: 1-931836-49-3). Chad first earned his MCSE on Windows NT 4.0 and has been working with Windows 2000 and Windows XP since their first beta releases. He was awarded Microsoft Charter Member 2000 for being ix
  9. one of the first 2000 engineers to attain Windows 2000 MCSE certifica- tion. Chad would like to thank his wife Sarah for her caring support and encouragement. Norris L. Johnson, Jr. (MCSE, MCT, CTT, A+, Network +) is a Technology Trainer and owner of a consulting company in the Seattle- Tacoma area. His consultancies have included deployments and security planning for local firms and public agencies, as well as providing services to other local computer firms in need of problem solving and solutions for their clients. He specializes in Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 issues, providing planning and implementation and integration services. In addi- tion to consulting work, Norris trains extensively in the AATP program at Highline Community College’s Federal Way,WA campus, and has taught in the vocational education arena at Bates Technical College in Tacoma,WA. Norris holds a bachelor’s degree from Washington State University. He is deeply appreciative of the guidance and support offered by his parents and wife Cindy during the years of transition and education to make the career change that has been so wonderful to be involved in. Henk-Evert Sonder (CCNA) has over 15 years of experience as an Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) professional, building and maintaining ICT infrastructures. In recent years, he has spe- cialized in integrating ICT infrastructures with secure business applica- tions. Henk’s company, IT Selective, works with small businesses to help them develop high-quality, low cost solutions. Henk has contributed to several Syngress Publishing titles, including the E-Mail Virus Protection Handbook (ISBN: 1-928994-23-7), Designing SQL Server 2000 Databases for .NET Enterprise Servers (ISBN: 1-928994-19-9), VB.NET Developer’s Guide (ISBN: 1-928994-48-2), and the forthcoming BizTalk Server 2000 Developer’s Guide for .NET (ISBN: 1-928994-40-7). Henk lives in Hingham, MA with his wife Jude and daughter Lily. John Godfrey (MCSE, MCP+I, CNA) is currently a freelance consul- tant who has a wide range of experience gained from over 12 years in the IT industry. John mainly specializes in Microsoft Technologies providing x
  10. design, automation, process management, implementation, and develop- ment. He has provided consultancy for many leading companies in the UK including leading financial institutions and IBM. In addition, he has worked on many other technical publications as a reviewer and technical editor more recently focusing on .NET technologies. John lives in the Shrophsire Hills in the United Kingdom with his wife Rosalind and three children Sophie, Jacob, and Polly. xi
  11. Technical Reviewer Will Schmied (MCSE) is a featured writer on Windows 2000 and Windows XP technologies for CramSession.com. He has also authored several works for various Microsoft certification exams.Will provides con- sulting and training on Microsoft products to small- and medium-sized organizations in the Hampton Roads,VA area. He holds a bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering Technology from Old Dominion University and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the National Society of Professional Engineers.Will cur- rently resides in Newport News,VA with his family Allison, Christopher, Austin, Andrea, and Hannah. xii
  12. Contents Foreword xxvii Exploring Windows XP Chapter 1 Next Generation Windows 1 Professional Introduction 2 Introducing the Windows XP Family 2 Windows XP Professional Windows XP Home Edition 3 takes the product to the next level: Multimedia Capabilities 3 s Improved User Interface 5 IntelliMirror Technologies Security Enhancements 6 s Group Policy Switching between User Sessions 6 Functionality Hardware and Software Compatibility 7 s Encrypting File System Windows XP Professional 8 Support The Future of Windows 2000 Server: s Multiprocessor Support Windows .NET Servers 8 Introducing the Major Features of Windows XP Professional 9 User Interface 9 Networking 12 Better Performance 13 Internet Features 13 Remote Assistance 13 Reliability Features 14 Multimedia Features 15 Summary 16 Solutions Fast Track 16 Frequently Asked Questions 17 xiii
  13. xiv Contents Chapter 2 Installing Windows XP Professional 19 Introduction 20 Clean Installation of Windows XP Professional 23 Setup Issues 36 Performing an Upgrade to Windows XP Professional 38 Upgrading from Windows 98/Me 40 Upgrading from Windows NT/2000 41 Starting the Upgrade 41 Network Installation of Windows XP Professional 47 Automating the Windows XP Professional Setup 48 Preparing for Setup 49 Answers to Your Command-Line Setup 49 Frequently Asked Network Distribution Point 52 Questions Distribution Point Directory Structure 52 Customizing Windows XP Professional Setup 54 Q: FAT or NTFS? Which file system should you Answer Files 54 choose during the Setup Manager 3.0 55 installation of Further Customization with UDB 73 Windows XP Professional? Preparing the Destination Computer 75 Using Sysprep 77 A: In order to take advantage of all of the Overview of Sysprep 77 features of Windows Sysprep Requirements 77 XP, such as Encrypting Sysprep Step by Step 78 File System, you need to choose NTFS. Running Sysprep during Automated Installation 81 Automating Setup of a Target Computer 81 Creating an Answer File Using Setup Manager 82 Running Additional Programs After Mini-Setup 84 Summary 86 Solutions Fast Track 86 Frequently Asked Questions 88
  14. Contents xv Chapter 3 Exploring the Windows XP User Interface 91 Introduction 92 Configuring the Desktop 93 Desktop Settings 93 Accessing the Desktop Settings Accessing the Desktop Settings 93 Desktop Settings Modifications 98 You can access the Themes 102 desktop settings several Backgrounds 103 ways: Appearance 108 s Using the Control Panel Screen Saver 110 s Right-Clicking and Overview of the Start Menu and the Taskbar 111 Selecting from the The Start Menu 111 Pop-Up Menu The Taskbar 122 s Via a Command Line Configuring the Standard Desktop Programs 124 My Computer 125 My Network Places 126 My Documents 126 Summary 128 Solutions Fast Track 128 Frequently Asked Questions 130 Chapter 4 Managing Windows XP Professional 133 Introduction 134 Creating Users and Groups 134 What Are User Accounts? 134 Local User Accounts 135 Exercise 4.1 Creating Local User Accounts with the Computer Management Console 136 Exercise 4.2 Creating Local User Accounts by Using the Command Line 140 Exercise 4.3 Deleting Local User Accounts by Using the Command Line 141
  15. xvi Contents Exercise 4.4 Creating Local User Accounts with the Control Panel User Accounts Applet 141 Domain User Accounts 145 Exercise 4.5 Joining a Domain 146 What Are Groups? 147 Local Groups 147 Exercise 4.6 Creating Local Groups 148 Exercise 4.7 Creating and Deleting Local Groups from the Command Prompt 150 Global Groups 150 New Functionality in XP for User Accounts 151 Password Hinting 151 NOTE Picture Uploading 151 Sharing Folders 152 A profile is a set of configurations that Other Sharing Techniques 158 you can create, or Managing Storage 161 the machine creates Configuring Hard Drives 163 by default (usually Converting a Drive to NTFS via the ending with a .DAT Command Line 165 extension) that File Systems and NTFS versus FAT32 165 defines your envi- Exercise 4.8 Enabling Disk Quotas on ronment when log- an NTFS Drive 167 ging on. The Basic versus Dynamic Disks 169 environment can contain (among Working with Removable Storage 171 other things) Creating a Media Pool 172 window size and Managing Devices 173 position settings, Enabling, Disabling, or Removing program items, Hardware and Changing and Updating icons, and screen the Current Drivers 175 colors. Using the Event Viewer 177 Event Logs 177 Navigating to the Event Viewer 177 Application Log 178 System Log 178 Security Log 178
  16. Contents xvii How to Work with and Troubleshoot the Logs 179 Adjusting the Size of and Saving Event Logs 180 Understanding Performance Logs 182 Monitoring and Logging 182 Performance Tuning and Troubleshooting 182 Baselining 183 The Performance Logs and Alerts Console 183 Creating a New Counter Log 184 Creating a New Trace Log 186 Alerts 187 Creating an Alert 187 Summary 189 Solutions Fast Track 189 Transferring Files and Frequently Asked Questions 192 Settings between Computers Chapter 5 Working with System Tools 195 Introduction 196 The Files and Settings Defragmenting Your Hard Disk 196 Transfer Wizard allows you How Disk Defragmenter Works 198 to migrate files and settings from any The Limitations of Disk Defragmenter 199 Windows system to a Using Disk Defragmenter 201 Windows XP system. The Controlling Fragmentation of the Pagefile advantage of this System tool is not so much in the and MFT 210 transfer of files, which can Cleaning Up Files 215 also be achieved by the Transferring Files and Settings between Backup Utility, but the fact that (nearly) all personal Computers 220 settings can be reinstated The Basics of the Files and Settings on the Windows XP Transfer 221 system, which saves a lot of time and annoyance. Selecting and Transferring the Files and Settings 222 Receiving the Transferable Files and Settings 228 Scheduling Tasks 231 Working with the Task Scheduler 232
  17. xviii Contents Managing Scheduled Tasks 239 Using the Scheduled Task Wizard 240 Changing a Scheduled Task 242 Backing Up Your Files 250 Backup Functionalities 250 Working with the Backup Tool 253 Using the Advanced Mode Backup Utility 256 The Backup Utility’s Menu Bar 257 Setting the Options in the Backup Utility 259 Using the Welcome Tab Functions 264 Using the Backup Tab Function 273 Using the Schedule Jobs Tab Function 276 Using the Backup or Restore Wizard 277 Restoring Your System 282 Using the Restore Wizard (Advanced) 282 Using the Restore and Manage Media Tab of the Backup Utility 285 Using the Restore Portion of the Backup or Restore Wizard 286 Using the Automated System Recovery 286 Using the System Restore Tool 287 Summary 292 Solutions Fast Track 293 Using the QoS Packet Frequently Asked Questions 297 Scheduler Chapter 6 Windows XP Networking 299 Introduction 300 The QoS Packet Scheduler is installed by default. QoS Overview of Networking Technologies 301 has been enhanced in Open Systems Interconnection Reference Windows XP to Model 304 automatically optimize TCP/IP for transmission Department of Defense Model 306 across different interfaces Windows XP Networking Architecture 308 that operate at different Configuring Network Interfaces 309 rates. This is typically the situation if you have The Local Area Connection 309 turned on Internet Using Loopback Adapters 312 Connection Sharing. Bridging Network Connections 313
  18. Contents xix Network Client and Protocol Considerations 316 Configuring Microsoft and Novell Clients 317 Working with Network Protocols 319 Working with TCP/IP 320 Working with IPX/SPX 329 Working with RAS and VPN 330 Configuring a RAS Connection 330 Tunneling with a VPN Connection 337 Sharing Your Internet Connection 341 Configuring Internet Connection Sharing 344 Filtering and Firewalls 347 Using IP Packet Filtering 348 Configuring the Internet Connection Firewall 348 Wireless Connectivity 351 Wireless Standards 352 Microsoft’s Implementation of IEEE 802.11 and 802.1x Standards 354 Summary 357 Solutions Fast Track 358 Frequently Asked Questions 362 Chapter 7 Configuring Internet Configuring Internet Explorer 6 Technologies 367 Introduction 368 You can easily customize Configuring Internet Explorer 6 368 Internet Explorer 6 to suit What’s New in Internet Explorer 6? 368 business requirements and Configuring the Browser 370 individual tastes. Microsoft has built-in features that The General Tab 371 embrace Web standards, The Security Tab 374 guard the user’s privacy, The Privacy Tab 377 protect the user from malicious sites, and make The Content Tab 380 browsing the Web more The Connections Tab 382 convenient and efficient. The Programs Tab 383 The Advanced Tab 384 Using Internet Explorer 6 385 Advanced Configuration for the Corporate Environment 392
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