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- Network+™
Study Guide
Third Edition
David Groth
San Francisco • London
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Associate Publisher: Neil Edde
Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Elizabeth Hurley
Editors: Donna Crossman, Susan Berge
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The logo of the CompTIA Authorized Quality Curriculum Program and the status of this or other training material as
“Authorized” under the CompTIA Authorized Curriculum Program signifies that, in CompTIA’s opinion, such training
material covers the content of the CompTIA’s related certification exam. CompTIA has not reviewed or approved the
accuracy of the contents of this training material and specifically disclaims any warranties of merchantability or fitness for
a particular purpose. CompTIA makes no guarantee concerning the success of persons using any such “Authorized” or other
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The contents of this training material were created for the CompTIA Network+ exam covering CompTIA certification exam
objectives that were current as of June 2001.
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- How to Become CompTIA Certified:
This training material can help you prepare for and pass a related CompTIA certification exam or exams. In order to achieve
CompTIA certification, you must register for and pass a CompTIA certification exam or exams.
In order to become CompTIA certified, you must:
• Select a certification exam provider. For more information, please visit http://www.comptia.org/certification/
test_locations.htm.
• Register for and schedule a time to take the CompTIA certification exam(s) at a convenient location.
• Read and sign the Candidate Agreement, which will be presented at the time of the exam(s). The text of the Candidate
Agreement can be found at www.comptia.org/certification.
• Take and pass the CompTIA certification exam(s).
For more information about CompTIA’s certifications, such as their industry acceptance, benefits, or program news, please
visit www.comptia.org/certification.
CompTIA is a non-profit information technology (IT) trade association. CompTIA’s certifications are designed by subject
matter experts from across the IT industry. Each CompTIA certification is vendor-neutral, covers multiple technologies, and
requires demonstration of skills and knowledge widely sought after by the IT industry.
To contact CompTIA with any questions or comments:
Please call + 1 630 268 1818
questions@comptia.org
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- To Our Valued Readers:
CompTIA’s Network+ certification program has established itself as the premier general networking
certification in the IT industry. Sybex is proud to have helped thousands of Network+ candidates
prepare for their exam, and we are excited about the opportunity to continue to provide people with
the skills they’ll need to succeed in the highly competitive IT industry.
CompTIA recently revised the Network+ exam, updating the objectives set, expanding the question
pool, and adding select-and-place questions formats, all in an effort to prevent the dreaded paper-
certification syndrome, one in which individuals obtain a certification without a thorough under-
standing of the technology. Sybex supports this philosophy, as we have always advocated a compre-
hensive instructional approach to certification courseware. It has always been Sybex’s mission to teach
exam candidates how new technologies work in the real world, not to simply feed them answers to test
questions.
We’re especially excited about this third edition of our best-selling Network+ Study Guide, as it now
sports the new CompTIA Authorized Quality Curriculum (CAQC) logo on the cover. CompTIA
developed the CAQC program to help exam candidates make better decisions about which training
materials to use, and has established rigorous standards that courseware developers must meet in
order to display the CAQC logo. The book you hold in your hands went through a review process that
checked for exam objective correlation and instructional design integrity, and we are happy to say
that we passed with flying colors! We’re confident that this book will help you, the Network+ exam
candidate, succeed in your endeavors.
Good luck in pursuit of your Network+ certification!
Neil Edde
Associate Publisher—Certification
Sybex, Inc.
SYBEX Inc. 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501
Tel: 510/523-8233 Fax: 510/523-2373 HTTP://www.sybex.com
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- To my wonderful book team members. Thanks for your help in making our
book a success.
—David Groth
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Acknowledgments
It takes many people to put a book together. This will be the third
edition of this book, so I can safely say that these people know what they’re
doing and that I can count on working with talented people.
This book would not exist if it weren’t for my acquisitions and develop-
mental editor, Elizabeth Hurley. Thank you for all of your encouragement,
support, and continued friendship. I appreciate all of the hard work you con-
tribute to each one of my book projects. Additionally, many thanks go to
Mae Lum, our book team’s tireless production editor. Kudos to you for jug-
gling all sorts of deadlines spanning many projects, for organizing new
schedules around new beta release dates, and for basically keeping your eye
on the ball for me all of the time. Kudos should also go to Donna Crossman,
editor extraordinaire. Thank you for wading through various versions of
these chapters each time objectives were changed, added, or eliminated.
Additionally, many thanks should go to ICC’s Stacey Loomis and Jim Link,
our electronic publishing specialists, for laying out the very pages you see
before you. Finally, one last cheer for the proofreaders who checked every
last detail before sending the pages to the printer: Emily Hsuan, Laurie
O’Connell, David Nash, Nancy Riddiough, Amey Garber and Yariv
Rabinovitch.
I must also take a moment to recognize the unwavering good work of this
book’s technical editor, Andre Paree-Huff. He has faithfully watched over
this book from its first edition and is responsible for maintaining its accu-
racy. For each edition, including this one, a pool of top-notch technical edi-
tors helped out Andre by completing a second full technical edit just before
the book was sent to the printer. Bob Gradante, Jutta VanStean, and Louis
DiPaola should also be gratefully acknowledged for their fine expertise.
I would also like to recognize my wife, family, and friends. My wife,
Linda, tirelessly wrote and edited the appendices and kept me on the right
track. She was a real trooper because she managed to do that while watching
our daughter, Alison, who can be a handful. Thank you to my family and
friends who understood when I couldn’t go out or help them with projects
because I had to work on the book. I really appreciate that.
Finally, thank you, the reader, for purchasing this book. I know that
it has all the information in it to help you pass the test. If you have
questions about Network+ or this book, feel free to e-mail me at
dgroth@practicaltrainingsolutions.com. All of us involved in the
book project have worked very hard to make it the best Network+ Study
Guide available. I hope you feel the same.
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Contents at a Glance
Introduction xx
Assessment Test xxxiii
Chapter 1 Network Fundamentals 1
Chapter 2 The OSI Model 51
Chapter 3 TCP/IP Fundamentals 105
Chapter 4 TCP/IP Utilities 163
Chapter 5 Major Network Operating Systems 207
Chapter 6 Network Installation and Upgrades 251
Chapter 7 WAN and Remote Access Technologies 315
Chapter 8 Network Access and Security 347
Chapter 9 Fault Tolerance and Disaster Recovery 405
Chapter 10 Network Troubleshooting 455
Glossary 511
Index 558
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Introduction
If you are like the rest of the networking community, you probably have
many certifications. Certification is one of the best things you can do for
your career in the computer or networking field. It proves that you know
what you’re talking about when it comes to the area in which you are
certified.
In this book, you’ll find out what the Network+ exam is all about. Each
chapter covers a part of the exam. At the end of each chapter, there are
review questions to help you prepare for the exam.
What Is the Network+ Certification?
N etwork+ is a certification developed by the Computing Technology
Industry Association (CompTIA). This organization exists to provide
resources and education for the computer and technology community. This
is the same body that developed the A+ exam for computer technicians. Back
in 1995, they convened to develop a new certification that tests skills for
Information Technology (IT). To ensure industry-wide support, it was
sponsored by many IT industry leaders, including:
Compaq Computers
Digital Equipment Corporation (a part of Compaq)
IBM
Lotus
Microsoft
Novell
TSS
U.S. Robotics
US West
Wave Technologies
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Introduction xxi
The Network+ exam was designed to test the skills of network technicians
with 18 to 24 months of experience in the field. It tests areas of networking
technologies such as the definition of a protocol, the OSI (Open Systems
Interconnect) model and its layers, and the concepts of network design and
implementation—such as which items are required for a network and the
prerequisites for installation. In addition, it covers troubleshooting concepts
and how-tos.
Why Become Network+ Certified?
T he Network+ certification is a relatively new certification, but it is the
next certification in a line of CompTIA certifications starting with the A+
certification. Because CompTIA is a well-respected developer of vendor-
neutral industry certifications, getting Network+ certified indicates that
you are competent in the specific areas tested by Network+.
Three major benefits are associated with becoming Network+ certified:
Proof of professional achievement
Opportunity for advancement
Fulfillment of training requirements
Proof of Professional Achievement
Networking professionals are competing these days to see who can get the
most certifications. And because the Network+ certification is broad and it
covers the entire field of networking, technicians want this certification
rather than only Microsoft or only Novell, for example. Thus, it can be a
challenge to prepare for the Network+ exam. Passing the exam, however,
certifies that you have achieved a certain level of knowledge about vendor-
independent networking-related subjects.
Opportunity for Advancement
We all like to get ahead in our careers. With advancement comes more
responsibility, to be sure, but usually it means more money and greater
opportunities. In the information technology area, this usually can be
accomplished by obtaining multiple technology certifications, including
Network+.
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- xxii Introduction
Network+, because of its wide-reaching industry support, is recognized as
a baseline of networking information. Some companies specify that Net-
work+ certification will result in a pay raise at review time. And some com-
panies specify that Network+ certification, in conjunction with A+
certification, is required either before an employee’s next review or as a con-
dition of employment.
Fulfillment of Training Requirements
A training requirement can be mandated by your employer, as just men-
tioned, or it can be required as part of another certification. There has been
talk of using the Network+ certification as a prerequisite to, or as part of,
other vendors’ certifications. And I think it’s a natural fit. For example,
training for both the Novell and the Microsoft certification programs (CNE
and MCSE) includes a course in the essential networking technologies.
Because the Network+ exam covers network fundamentals and is vendor
neutral, it may be a good replacement for the Microsoft or the Novell exam.
How to Become Network+ Certified
T he simplest way to find out how to become Network+ certified is to
take the exam. It is administered by Prometric, with which most of you are
familiar if you have taken other computer certification exams, and it is
administered by computer. To register to take the exam, call Prometric (not
the testing center) at 888-895-6116. You must pay for the exam at registra-
tion time with a major credit card (for example, Visa or MasterCard). The
standard cost is $185; check CompTIA’s website, as prices may vary.
You can also register on the Internet through Prometric at www.prometric.com
or www.2test.com.
The exam itself consists of approximately 65 questions. You have two-
and-a-half hours for the test. At the end of the exam, your score report will
be displayed on the screen and printed so that you have a hard copy.
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Introduction xxiii
Who Should Buy This Book?
If you are one of the many people who want to pass the Network+
exam, and pass it confidently, then you should buy this book and use it to
study for the exam. The Network+ exam is designed to measure the technical
knowledge of networking professionals with 18–24 months of experience in
the IT industry. This book was written with one goal in mind: not to just pre-
pare you for passing the Network+ exam, but to prepare to you for the chal-
lenges of the real IT world. This study guide will do that by describing in
detail the concepts on which you’ll be tested.
How to Use This Book and CD
T his book includes several features that will make studying for
the Network+ exam easier. At the beginning of the book (right after this
introduction, in fact) is an assessment test that you can use to check your
readiness for the actual exam. Take this exam before you start reading
the book. It will help you to determine the areas you may need to “brush up”
on. You can then focus on these areas while reading the book. The answers
to this test appear on a separate page after the last question. Each answer
also includes an explanation and a note telling you in which chapter this
material appears.
In addition, there are review questions at the end of each chapter. As you
finish each chapter, answer the questions and then check your answers,
which appear on the page after the last question. You can go back and reread
the section in the chapter that deals with each question you got wrong
to ensure that you know your stuff.
On the CD-ROM that is included with this book, there are several
“extras” you can use to bolster your exam readiness:
Electronic “Flashcards” You can use these 150 flashcard-style ques-
tions to review your knowledge of Network+ concepts not only on your
PC, but also on your handheld devices. You can download the questions
right into your Palm device for quick and convenient reviewing anytime,
anywhere, without your PC!
Test Engine This portion of the CD-ROM includes all of the questions
that appear in this book: the assessment questions at the end of this intro-
duction, all of the chapter review questions, and two bonus exams. The
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- xxiv Introduction
book questions will appear similarly to the way they did in the book,
and they will also be randomized. The randomized test will allow you to
pick a certain number of questions, and it will simulate the actual exam.
Combined, these test engine elements will allow you to test your readiness
for the real Network+ exam.
Full Text of the Book in PDF If you are going to travel but still need to
study for the Network+ exam—and you have a laptop with a CD-ROM
drive—you can take this entire book with you on the CD-ROM. This
book is in PDF (Adobe Acrobat) format so it can be easily read on any
computer.
Exam Objectives
In this section, we are going to look at the objectives that the Network+
exam is designed to test. These objectives were developed by a group of
networking-industry professionals through the use of an industry-wide
job task analysis. CompTIA asked groups of IT professionals to fill out a
survey rating the skills they felt were important in their job. The results were
grouped into objectives for the exam. Each of these objectives is divided into
four domains. The following table indicates the extent to which they are
represented in the actual examination.
Network+ Certification Domain Areas % of Examination
1.0 Media & Topologies 20%
2.0 Protocols & Standards 25%
3.0 Network Implementation 23%
4.0 Network Support 32%
Total 100%
This section includes the outline of the exam objectives for the Network+
exam and the weighting of each objective category.
The objectives and weighting percentages given in this section can change at
any time. Check CompTIA’s website at www.comptia.org for a list of the most
current objectives.
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Introduction xxv
Domain 1.0 Media and Topologies (20%)
The objectives for this domain are as follows:
1.1 Recognize the following logical or physical network topologies
given a schematic diagram or description (3%):
Star/hierarchical
Bus
Mesh
Ring
Wireless
1.2 Specify the main features of 802.2 (LLC), 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.5
(Token Ring), 802.11b (wireless), and FDDI networking technologies,
including (3%):
Speed
Access
Method
Topology
Media
1.3 Specify the characteristics (e.g., speed, length, topology, cable
type, etc.) of the following (3%):
802.3 (Ethernet) standards
10BaseT
100BaseTX
10Base2
10Base5
100BaseFX
Gigabit Ethernet
1.4 Recognize the following media connectors and/or describe their
uses (3%):
RJ-11
RJ-45
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- xxvi Introduction
AUI
BNC
ST
SC
1.5 Choose the appropriate media type and connectors to add a client
to an existing network. (3%)
1.6 Identify the purpose, features, and functions of the following
network components (5%):
Hubs
Switches
Bridges
Routers
Gateways
CSU/DSU
Network interface cards/ISDN adapters/system area network
cards
Wireless access points
Modems
Domain 2.0 Protocols and Standards (25%)
The objectives for this domain are as follows:
2.1 Given an example, identify a MAC address. (1%)
2.2 Identify the seven layers of the OSI model and their functions.
(2%)
2.3 Differentiate between the following network protocols in terms of
routing, addressing schemes, interoperability, and naming conven-
tions (2%):
TCP/IP
IPX/SPX
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Introduction xxvii
NetBEUI
AppleTalk
2.4 Identify the OSI layers at which the following network compo-
nents operate (2%):
Hubs
Switches
Bridges
Routers
Network interface cards
2.5 Define the purpose, function and/or use of the following protocols
within TCP/IP (2%):
IP
TCP
UDP
FTP
TFTP
SMTP
HTTP
HTTPS
POP3/IMAP4
Telnet
ICMP
ARP
NTP
2.6 Define the function of TCP/UDP ports. Identify well-known ports.
(2%)
2.7 Identify the purpose of the following network services: DHCP/
bootp, DNS, NAT/ICS, WINS, and SNMP. (2%)
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- xxviii Introduction
2.8 Identify IP addresses (Ipv4, Ipv6) and their default subnet masks.
(2%)
2.9 Identify the purpose of subnetting and default gateways. (2%)
2.10 Identify the differences between public vs. private networks.
(2%)
2.11 Identify the basic characteristics (e.g., speed, capacity, media) of
the following WAN technologies. (2%)
Packet switching vs. circuit switching
ISDN
FDDI
ATM
Frame relay
SONET/SDH
T1/E1
T3/E3
Oc-x
2.12 Define the function of the following remote access protocols and
services (2%):
RAS
PPP
PPTP
ICA
2.13 Identify the following security protocols and describe their
purpose and function (2%):
IPSec
L2TP
SSL
Kerberos
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- Introduction xxix
Domain 3.0 Network Implementation (24%)
The objectives for this domain are as follows:
3.1 Identify the basic capabilities (i.e. client support, interoperability,
authentication, file and print services, application support, and
security) of the following server operating systems (4%):
Unix/Linux
NetWare
Windows
Macintosh
3.2 Identify the basic capabilities of client workstations (i.e., client
connectivity, local security mechanisms, and authentication).
3.3 Identify the main characteristics of VLANs. (2%)
3.4 Identify the main characteristics of network attached storage.
(2%)
3.5 Identify the purpose and characteristics of fault tolerance. (2%)
3.6 Identify the purpose and characteristics of disaster recovery. (2%)
3.7 Given a remote connectivity scenario (e.g., IP, IPX, dial-up,
PPPoE, authentication, physical connectivity, etc.), configure the
connection. (2%)
3.8 Identify the purpose, benefits, and characteristics of using a
firewall. (2%)
3.9 Identify the purpose, benefits, and characteristics of using a
proxy. (2%)
3.10 Given a scenario, predict the impact of a particular security
implementation on network functionality (e.g., blocking port
numbers, encryption, etc.). (2%)
3.11 Given a network configuration, select the appropriate NIC and
network configuration settings (DHCP, DNS, WINS, protocols,
NetBIOS/host name, etc.). (2%)
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com
- xxx Introduction
Domain 4.0 Network Support (32%)
The objectives for this domain are as follows:
4.1 Given a troubleshooting scenario, select the appropriate TCP/IP
utility from among the following (3%):
Tracert
Ping
ARP
Netstat
Nbstat
Ipconfig/Ifconfig
Winipcfg
Nslookup
4.2 Given a troubleshooting scenario involving a small office/home
office network failure (e.g., xDSL, cable, home satellite, wireless,
POTS), identify the cause of the failure. (2%)
4.3 Given a troubleshooting scenario involving a remote connectivity
problem (e.g., authentication failure, protocol configuration, physical
connectivity), identify the cause of the problem. (2%)
4.4 Given specific parameters, configure a client to connect to the
following servers (2%):
Unix/Linux
NetWare
Windows
Macintosh
4.5 Given a wiring task, select the appropriate tool (e.g., wire crimper,
media tester/certifier, punchdown tool, tone generator, optical tester,
etc.). (2%)
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