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Advanced Hierarchical Event-Stream Model
Analyzing future distributed real-time systems, automotive and avionic systems, is requiring compositional hard real-time analysis techniques. Well known established techniques as SymTA/S and the real-time calculus are candidates solving the mentioned problem. However both techniques use quite simple event models. SymTA/S is based on discrete events the real-time calculus on continuous functions. Such simple models has been choosen because of the computational complexity of the considered mathematical operations required for real-time analysis. Advances in approximation techniques are allowing the consideration of more expressive descriptions of events. In this paper such a new expressive event model and its analysis algorithm are described. It integrates the models of both techniques. It is also possible in...
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SPECIAL EVENT PERMIT APPLICATION THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO OFFICE OF SPECIAL EVENTS
Event tracing is a powerful and widely-used method for analyzing the performance of parallel programs. In the context of developing parallel programs, tracing is especially effective for observing the interactions between different processes or threads that occur during communication or synchronization operations and to analyze the way concurrent activities influence each other’s performance. Traditionally, developers of parallel programs use tracing tools, such as Vampir [NWHS96], to visualize the program behavior along the time axis in the style of a Gantt chart (Figure 1), where local activities are represented as boxes with a distinct color. Interactions between processes are indicated by arrows or polygons to illustrate the exchange of messages...
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Large Event Traces in Parallel Performance Analysis
powerful and widely-used method for analyzing the performance behavior of parallel programs is event tracing. When an application is traced, performancerelevant events, such as entering functions or sending messages, are recorded at runtime and analyzed post-mortem to identify and potentially remove performance problems. While event tracing enables the detection of performance problems at a high level of detail, growing trace-file size often constrains its scalability on large-scale systems and complicates management, analysis, and visualization of trace data. In this article, we survey current approaches to handle large traces and classify them according to the primary issues they address and the primary benefits they offer. Keywords: parallel computing, performance analysis,...
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The 1998 bleaching event and its aftermath on a coral reef in Belize
Widespread thermal anomalies in 1997–1998, due primarily to regional effects of the El Nin˜ o–Southern Oscillation and possibly augmented by global warming, caused severe coral bleaching worldwide. Corals in all habitats alongthe Belizean barrier reef bleached as a result of elevated sea temperatures in the summer and fall of 1998, and in fore-reef habitats of the outer barrier reef and offshore platforms they showed signs of recovery in 1999. In contrast, coral populations on reefs in the central shelf lagoon died off catastrophically. Based on an analysis of reef cores, this was the first bleaching-induced mass coral mortality in the central lagoon in at least the last 3,000 years. Satellite data for the...
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Measurement of the underlying event in the Drell–Yan process in proton–proton collisions at √ s =7 TeV
A measurement of the underlying event (UE) activity in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is performed using Drell–Yan events in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 fb−1, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The activity measured in the muonic final state (qq → μ + μ −) is corrected to the particle level and compared with the predictions of various Monte Carlo generators and hadronization models. The dependence of the UE activity on the dimuon invariant mass is well described by PYTHIA and HERWIG++ tunes derived from the leading jet/track approach, illustrating the universality of the UE activity. The UE activity is observed to be...
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Smudge Attacks on Smartphone Touch Screens
The current RSS distribution architecture, in which all clients periodically poll a central server, has band- width requirements that scale linearly with the number of subscribers. We believe that this architecture has little hope of sustaining the phenomenal growth of RSS [10], and that a distributed approach is needed. The proper- ties of peer-to-peer (p2p) overlays are a natural fit for this problem domain: p2p multicast systems scale log- arithmically and should support millions of participat- ing nodes. Therefore, we argue that RSS feeds can be distributed in a way that shares costs among all partici- pants. By using p2p event notification to distribute mi- cronews, we can reduce dramatically the load...
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JDK 1.1 AWT Event Handling
Syndication of micronews, frequently-updated content on the Web, is currently accomplished with RSS feeds and client applications that poll those feeds. However, providers of RSS content have recently become concerned about the escalating bandwidth demand of RSS readers. Current efforts to address this problem by optimizing the polling behavior of clients sacrifice timeliness without fun- damentally improving the scalability of the system. In this paper, we argue for a micronews distribution system called FeedTree, which uses a peer-to-peer overlay network to distribute RSS feed data to subscribers promptly and ef- ficiently. Peers in the network share the bandwidth costs, which reduces the load on the provider, and updated con- tent is delivered to...
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DIADS: Addressing the “My-Problem-or-Yours” Syndrome with Integrated SAN and Database Diagnosis
In the early days of theWeb, static HTML pages predom- inated; a handful of news-oriented Web sites of broad appeal updated their content once or twice a day. Users were by and large able to get all the news they needed by surfing to each site individually and pressing Reload. However, the Web today has experienced an explosion of micronews: highly focused chunks of content, appear- ing frequently and irregularly, scattered across scores of sites. The difference between a news site of 1994 and a weblog of 2004 is its flow: the sheer volume of timely information available from a modern Web site means that an interested user must return not...
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Infants’ reasoning about hidden objects: evidence for event-general and event-specific expectations
By asking her RSS reader to subscribe to the URL of an RSS feed, a user instructs the application to begin fetch- ing that URL at regular intervals. When it is retrieved, its XML payload is interpreted as a list of RSS items by the application. Items may be composed of just a head- line, an article summary, or a complete story in HTML; each entry must have a unique ID, and is frequently ac- companied by a permanent URL (“permalink”) to a Web version of that entry. To the user, each item typically appears in a chronologically-sorted list; in this way, RSS client applications have become, for many users,...
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A Scalable and Explicit Event Delivery Mechanism for UNIX
It is easy to see how a website may suffer for publish- ing RSS feeds. The most popular feed on Bloglines2 is Slashdot.org, which has about 17,700 subscribers as of this writing. If each of those subscribers were using per- sonal aggregation software (desktop clients), Slashdot’s headlines-only RSS feed (about 2 kilobytes for a day’s worth of entries, and typically polled half-hourly) would be transferred 850,000 times a day, for a total of 1.7 GB of data daily. The New York Times recently introduced a suite of RSS feeds for its headlines; the front page alone claims 7,800 subscribers, but the sum of subscribers to all its feeds comes to 24,000....
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Finding a needle in Haystack: Facebook’s photo storage
Several proposals have been submitted to ease the pain of RSS on webmasters. Many of these are described in detail in the RSS Feed State HOWTO [17]; exam- ples include avoiding transmission of the feed content if it hasn’t changed since the client’s last request, gzip compression of feed data, and clever ways to shape the timetable by which clients may poll the RSS feed. Unfortunately, because the schedule of micronews is essentially unpredictable, it is fundamentally impossible for clients to know when polling is necessary. Werner Vogels puts it succinctly: Uncontrolled Polling of RSS Resources Does Not Scale [24]....
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Learning Similarity Metrics for Event Identification in Social Media
Several online RSS service providers (essentially, Web- based RSS readers) have proposed alternative solu- tions [2, 3]. In these “outsourced aggregation” scenar- ios, a centralized service provides a remote procedure interface which end-user applications may be built upon (or refactored to use). Such an application would store all its state—the set of subscribed feeds, the set of “old” and “new” entries—on the central server. It would then poll only this server to receive all updated data. The central RSS aggregation service would take responsibil- ity for polling the authoritative RSS feeds in the wider Internet. This addresses the bandwidth problem, in a way: A web site owner will certainly service fewer RSS requests as...
8/30/2018 2:40:27 AM +00:00
Construing the world: conceptual metaphors and event-construal in news stories
The obvious alternative to polling for data is to dis- tribute that data, as it becomes available, to lists of subscribers. This approach may be adequate for small subscription lists (for example, e-mail lists), but it will not scale to accommodate the growing subscription de- mands of Web site syndication. Furthermore, while such an approach may reduce the overall bandwidth usage of RSS (by reducing unnecessary fetches), it does nothing to alleviate the per-update stress on network links close to the source. To address these problems, we look to peer-to- peer overlay networks, which offer a compelling plat- form for self-organizing subscription systems. Several overlay-based group communication systems, including Scribe [7], offer distributed management...
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OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE BEFORE THE ‘BIG EVENT’: NUTRITION, HYDRATION AND TRAINING TIPS
This addresses the bandwidth problem, in a way: A web site owner will certainly service fewer RSS requests as end users start polling the central service instead. The operators of these central services will definitely have bandwidth issues of their own: they will now be at the center of all RSS traffic. There is a far more insidious danger inherent in this approach, however: a central point of control, failure, and censorship has now been established for all partici- pating users. A central RSS aggregation service may: (i) experience unavailability or outright failure, rendering users unable to use their RSS readers, (ii) elect to dis- continue or change the terms of its...
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PADS: A Policy Architecture for Distributed Storage Systems
FeedTree aware client applications should be able to examine conventional RSS feed data to discover if up- dates to that feed will be published through FeedTree. To do this, FeedTree metadata can be added to the RSS document structure to signal that it is available for sub- scription in the overlay. In this way, a FeedTree appli- cation bootstraps the subscription process with a one- time HTTP request of the conventional feed. All future updates are distributed through incremental RSS items published in FeedTree. Each RSS feed to be published through FeedTree should advertise a time-to-live value, the maximum in- terval between FeedTree events. (Many RSS feeds al- ready include such a value,...
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Learning the Distribution of Object Trajectories for Event Recognition
The bandwidth demands made on any individual par- ticipant in each multicast tree are quite innocuous. For example, an RSS feed generating 4 KB/hour of updates will cause an interior tree node with 16 children to for- ward less than 20 bytes per second of outbound traffic. Due to the extremely low forwarding overhead, we be- lieve that the motivation for freeloading is very small. In the future, we expect richer content feeds, and con- sequently, the potential incentive for freeloading may increase. Incentives-compatible mechanisms to ensure fair sharing of bandwidth [20] can be applied if most users subscribe to several feeds, which is a common model of RSS usage. We intend...
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Security Analysis of a Cryptographically-Enabled RFID Device
The system we propose offers substantial benefits for both producers and consumers of RSS data. The chief incentive for content providers is the lower cost associ- ated with publishing micronews: large Web sites with many readers may offer large volumes of timely content to FeedTree clients without fear of saturating their net- work links, and a smaller Web site need not fear sudden popularity when publishing a FeedTree feed. FeedTree also offers publishers an opportunity to provide differen- tiated RSS services, perhaps by publishing simple (low- bandwidth) headlines in a conventional RSS feed, while delivering full HTML stories in FeedTree. End users will receive even better news service with FeedTree than is currently...
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DIARY OF A WIMPY KID EVENT KIT
Tham khảo tài liệu 'diary of a wimpy kid event kit', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, tổ chức sự kiện phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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FIFTEENTH ANNUAL UTAH HUMANITIES - BOOK FESTIVAL
In order to validate our design for FeedTree, we have de- veloped a software prototype which follows the design outlined in Section 4. The ftproxy daemon serves as an intermediary for conventional RSS client software; an HTTP request for a given RSS feed is satisfied by ftproxy, which constructs a new ad-hoc RSS document from recent FeedTree messages received for that feed. When subscribing to a new RSS feed, the proxy first checks to see if that feed is already being published through FeedTree. If the feed is not being published, ftproxy will “volunteer” to republish the RSS feed: it begins polling the RSS feed as if it were a conventional RSS...
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Reinventing Scheduling for Multicore Systems
The current RSS polling mechanism has been said to scale well because “its cost is almost directly propor- tional to the number of subscribers” [5]. In fact, linear cost is typically an indicator of poor scaling properties, especially when that cost is focused on one member of a distributed system. It is likely that the further growth of RSS adoption will be badly stunted, without substantial change to the way micronews is distributed. The proposed FeedTree subscription system for RSS takes advantage of the properties of peer-to-peer event notification to address the bandwidth problem suffered by Web content providers, while at the same time bring- ing micronews to end users even more...
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A Shared Global Event Propagation System to Enable Next Generation Distributed Services
Building upon the FeedTree distribution system, we foresee a potential for entirely new services based on RSS which cannot be accomplished today. By using single-writer logs [18] in combination with a distributed storage mechanism such as a DHT [22, 15, 9], we can record permanently every RSS item published, allowing a distributed archival store of micronews across the In- ternet. Clients of such a system would easily be able to find out what they “missed” if they had been offline for so long that old RSS items are no longer available in any conventional, static RSS feed. Another area for future work is anonymous RSS feeds involving an anonymizing peer-to-peer routing system,...
8/30/2018 2:40:27 AM +00:00
USING DAILY STOCK RETURNS - The Case of Event Studies*
In this paper, we focus our attention on providing a formal framework for expressing data mining tasks in- volving time granularities, and on proposing efficient algo- rithms for performing such tasks. To this end, we introduce the notion of an event structure. An event structure is essen- tially a set of temporal constraints on a set of variables representing events. Each constraint bounds the distance between a pair of events in terms of a time granularity. For example, we can constrain two events to occur in a prescribed order, with the second one occurring between four and six hours after the first but within the same busi- ness day. We consider...
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Discovering Frequent Event Patterns with Multiple Granularities in Time Sequences
In [2], the problem of discovering sequential patterns over large databases of customer transactions is considered. The proposed algorithms generate a data sequence for each customer from the database and search on this set of se- quences for a frequent sequential pattern. For example, the algorithms can discover that customers typically rent “Star Wars,” then “Empire Strikes Back,” and then “Return of the Jedi.” Similarly to [13], the strategy of [2] is starting with simple subpatterns (subsequences in this case) and incre- mentally building longer sequence candidates for the dis- covery process. While we assume to start directly with a data sequence and not with a database, we consider more complex patterns...
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FeedTree: Sharing Web micronews with peer-to-peer event notification
To effectively perform data mining, however, we cannot naively consider all candidate instantiations, since the number of such instantiations is exponential in the number of variables. We provide algorithms and heuristics that ex- ploit the granularity system and the given constraints to reduce the hypothesis space for the pattern matching task. The global approach offers an effective procedure to dis- cover patterns of events that occur frequently in a sequence satisfying specific temporal relationships. We consider our algorithms and heuristics as part of a general data mining system which should include, among other subsystems, a user interface. Data mining requests are issued through the user interface and processed by the data mining algorithms....
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Scantegrity II Municipal Election at Takoma Park: The First E2E Binding Governmental Election with Ballot Privacy
With the Scantegrity II voting system, voters mark op- tical scan paper ballots with pens, filling the oval for the candidates of their choice. These ballots are handled as traditional ballots, permitting all the usual automated and manual counting, accounting, and recounting. Ad- ditionally, the voting system provides a layer of integrity protection through its use of invisible-ink confirmation codes. When voters mark ballot ovals using a decoder pen, confirmation codes printed in invisible ink are re- vealed. Interested voters can note down these codes to check them later on the election website. The codes are generated randomly for each race and each ballot, and hence do not reveal the corresponding vote....
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An Analysis of Power Consumption in a Smartphone
Despite its importance, prior work on event causality extraction in context in the NLP litera- ture is relatively sparse. In (Girju, 2003), the au- thor used noun-verb-noun lexico-syntactic patterns to learn that “mosquitoes cause malaria”, where the cause and effect mentions are nominals and not nec- essarily event evoking words. In (Sun et al., 2007), the authors focused on detecting causality between search query pairs in temporal query logs. (Beamer and Girju, 2009) tried to detect causal relations be- tween verbs in a corpus of screen plays, but limited themselves to consecutive, or adjacent verb pairs. In (Riaz and Girju, 2010), the authors first cluster sentences into topic-specific scenarios, and then fo- cus on...
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Imaging an Event Horizon: submm-VLBI of a Super Massive Black Hole
An important part of text understanding arises from understanding the semantics of events described in the narrative, such as identifying the events that are mentioned and how they are related semantically. For instance, when given a sentence “The police arrested him because he killed someone.”, humans understand that there are two events, triggered by the words “arrested” and “killed”, and that there is a causality relationship between these two events. Besides being an important component of discourse understanding, automatically identifying causal re- lations between events is important for various nat- ural language processing (NLP) applications such as question answering, etc. In this work, we auto- matically detect and extract causal relations between events in text....
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Can DREs Provide Long-Lasting Security? The Case of Return-Oriented Programming and the AVC Advantage
In this paper, given a text document, we first iden- tify events and their associated arguments. We then identify causality or relatedness relations between event pairs. To do this, we develop a minimally su- pervised approach using focused distributional sim- ilarity methods, such as co-occurrence counts of events collected automatically from an unannotated corpus, to measure and predict existence of causal- ity relations between event pairs. Then, we build on the observation that discourse connectives and the particular discourse relation they evoke in context provide additional information towards determining causality between events. ...
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Consistent Streaming Through Time: A Vision for Event Stream Processing
Since the first Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS) in 2001 [Pal01], the need for a stan- dard framework has been understood, yet there has been little progress on one that is generally accepted. A framework for digital forensics needs to be flexible enough so that it can support future technologies and different types of incidents. Therefore, it needs to be simple and abstract. On the other hand, if it is too simple and abstract then it is difficult to create tool requirements and test procedures for each phase....
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Event Detection from Flickr Data through Wavelet-based Spatial Analysis
For this paper, we have examined the concept of an investigation to determine what is required. The result is an event-based framework that can be used to develop hypotheses and answer questions about an incident or crime. Hypotheses are developed by collecting objects that may have played a role in an event that was related to the incident. Once the objects are collected as evidence, the investigator can develop hypotheses about previous events at the crime scene. This framework is based on the process model that is used at physical crime scenes, which has been refined from being used for dozens of years and accepted in...
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