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Comparing the Auditability of Optical Scan, Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) and Video (VVVAT) Ballot Systems

In this paper we propose enhancing Web clients with new security mechanisms that can not only prevent ex- isting attacks, but are able to enforce all security policies based on monitoring client behavior. In particular, our new mechanisms support policies that range from disal- lowing use of certain Web client features (e.g., IFRAMEs or OBJECTs) to fine-grained, application-specific invari- ants such as taint-based policies that regulate the flow of credit-card information input by the user. Concretely, we propose that client-side enforcement proceed through a new client mechanism: Mutation- Event Transforms, or METs. METs are introduce here; some details like how to prevent their subversion are in Appendix A. METs allowWeb application security poli- cies...

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Greener Events A guide to reducing the environmental impacts of conferences and seminars

On the following page, Figure 2 describes examples of general policies that apply to client Web pages, their script code, and the nodes and attributes of document data. On the same page, Figure 3 shows how these poli- cies can be readily instantiated usingMET callback func- tions; this code should be read in conjunction with Ap- pendix A. In what follows, these policies are referred to by their number, in parentheses. Policies (1), (3), and (6) are examples that restrict potentially dangerous types of document nodes, allow scripts only in certain portions of the document, or limit scripts to a whitelist of trusted scripts (as in [9]). Policies (2), (4), and (5)...

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Guilt Following Traumatic Events

In this paper we study the question, whether the technique of botnet tracking can be extended to analyze and mitigate P2P based botnets. Roughly speaking, we adapt the three steps of botnet tracking in the following way using Storm Worm as a case study: In the first step, we must get hold of a copy of the bot binary. In the case of this botnet, we use spam traps to col- lect Storm Worm generated spam and client side honeypots to simulate the infection process. The second step, the infiltration of the botnet, is adopted since we need to use a P2P protocol in- stead of IRC, HTTP, or...

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The Google Web Toolkit (GWT): Widget Event Handling

Our measurements show that our strategy can be used as a way to disable the communication within the Storm botnet to a large extent. As a side effect, we are able to estimate the size of the Storm botnet, in general a hard task [25]. Our measurements are much more precise than previous measurements [12, 17]. This is because measurements previously were based on passive techniques, e.g., by observing visible network events like the number of spam mails supposedly sent via the bots. We are the first to introduce an active measurement technique to actually enumerate the number of infected machines: We crawl the P2P network, keep track of all...

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Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web

What has received much less attention is how mega-events are related to urban processes, for they often transform urban space through the erection of landmark structures or through the renewal of urban space such as plazas or parks or new housing/ retail developments. The extensive urban waterfront development in Barcelona for the 1992 Olympics is a particularly outstanding case in point (de Moragas Spa and Botella, 1994). In any event, the mega-event (formerly called hallmark event) may be of short duration but it has an impact and meaning far beyond the event itself for the host city (Ritchie, 1984; Hall, 1997)....

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You Go to Elections with the Voting System You Have: Stop-Gap Mitigations for Deployed Voting Systems

The showcase argument points out that mega-events are spectacles that can best be understood as either instruments of hegemonic power (Ley and Olds, 1988) or public- relations’ ventures far removed from the realities of urban problems and challenges. Whatever the motivation, there is increased awareness that the mega-event can also be a vehicle for some form of urban transformation. While there are usually significant conflicts between event requirements and post-event usage (Servant and Takeda, 1996: 104), the substantial fiscal demands of these projects has typically included some form of permanent alteration to the urban environment. Particularly in postindustrial cities, the mega-event is often linked to inner-city renewal and...

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Actors that Unify Threads and Events

We could not have wished for a more distinguished speaker to give the first lecture than Jeff Wall. Depiction, Object, Event, written especially for this occasion, is an original and thought-provoking interpretation of developments in the art of the last century that have culminated over the past two decades in an alleged fusion of art and life. Today, artists are often regarded as the trendsetting members of a ‘creative class’ that is fully integrated within the tertiary sector of the global economy. They are seen as fully-fledged service providers who meet all the requirements of professional entrepreneurship and contribute to the...

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ORDER AND EVENT: On Badiou’s Logics of Worlds

One of Wall’s theses is that the fusion of art and non-art is in a sense an illusion, a mimetic operation that leaves the institutional art context fully intact. Non-artistic phenomena, including various forms of economic and social activity, make their ‘second appear- ance’ in, or rather as, art. Artists and curators appropriate these activities without actually having to leave the institutional domain of art. The heteronomy of contemporary art is, in Wall’s term, a ‘pseudo-heteronomy’....

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INTERNATIONAL CONFEREBCE ON HUMAN CAPITAL FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIES

There are no criteria available to judge the quality of these crea- tive expressions, because, as Wall states, aesthetic criteria are only valid within the classic disciplines—painting, drawing, sculpture, the graphic arts, and photography. These ‘canonical forms’ are still thriving, by the way, in spite of all efforts by artists to subvert them from within; but they thrive as a separate sector within contempo- rary art, as a genre with its own laws and standards. By contrast, the success of the alternative, pseudo-heteronomous art forms lies in the very fact that they have managed to neutralize these aesthetic ....

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ElasticTree: Saving Energy in Data Center Networks - Allan Kaprow, John Cage

I am think- ing here of Allan Kaprow, John Cage, or George Maciunas. They sensed that the depictive arts could not be displaced by any more upheavals from within, any more radical versions of depic- tion or anti-depiction. They came to recognize that there was something about the depictive arts that would not permit an- other art form or art dimension to evolve out of them. The new challenge to western art would be advanced in terms of move- ment and the arts of movement. Cage’s piano concert, 4’33”, first presented in 1952, can be seen as the first explicit statement of this...

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Jeff Wall Depiction, Object, Event hermeslezing hermes lecture

This was, of course, opposed by proponents of the canon, pre-eminently Clement Greenberg. Greenberg published his es- say Towards a Newer Laocoon in 1940, twelve years before Cage’s concert. In it he wrote, “There has been, is, and will be, such a thing as a confusion of the arts.” He argues that, in each era, there can be, and has been, a dominant art, one all the others tend to imitate to their own detriment, perversion, and loss of integrity. From the early 17th century to the last third of the 19th, he says that the dominant art was literature. What...

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Mega-Events, Urban Boosterism and Growth Strategies: An Analysis of the Objectives and Legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic Bid

The Readymade did not and was not able to address itself to depiction; its concern is with the object, and so if we were to classify it within the canonical forms it would be sculpture. But no-one who has thought about it accepts that a Readymade is sculpture. Rather it is an object that transcends the traditional classifications and stands as a model for art as a whole, art as a historical phenomenon, a logic, and an institution. As Thierry de Duve has so well demonstrated, this object designates itself as the abstraction ‘art as such’, the thing that can...

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Measurements and Mitigation of Peer-to-Peer-based Botnets: A Case Study on Storm Worm

Or, to be more circumspect, it is the object from which the name art cannot logically be withheld. The Readymade therefore proved that an arbitrary object can be designated as art and that there is no argument available to refute that designation. Depictions are works of art by definition. They may be popular art, amateur art, even entirely unskilled and unappealing art, but they are able to nominate themselves as art nonetheless. They are art because the depictive arts are founded on the mak- ing of depictions, and that making necessarily displays artistry. ...

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End-to-end Web Application Security

The only distinctions remaining to be made here are between ‘fine’ art and ‘applied’ art, or ‘popular’ art and ‘high’ art, between ‘amateur’ art and ‘professional’ art, and, of course, between good art and less good art. Selecting a very poor, amateurish, depiction (say a businessman’s deskpad doodle) and presenting it in a nice frame in a serious exhibition might be interesting, but it would not satisfy the criteria Duchamp established for the Readymade. The doodle is already nominated as art and the operation of the Readymade in regard to it is redundant....

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Efficient and Secure Threshold-based Event Validation for VANETs!

This paper presents a new mechanism that allows the application to register its interest in a specific event, and then efficiently collect the notification of the event at a later time. The set of events that this mechanism covers is shown to include not only those described above, but may also be extended to unforeseen event sources with no modification to the API. The rest of this paper is structured as follows: Section 2 examines where the central bottleneck of poll() and se- lect() is, Section 3 explains the design goals, and Section 4 presents the API of new mechanism. Section 5 details how to use the new API and provides...

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Understanding the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): Influences of paleogeography, paleoclimate, or paleoecology?

Another goal was to keep the interface simple enough that it could be easily understood, and also possible to convert poll() or select() based applications to the new API with a minimum of changes. It was recognized that if the new interface was radically different, then it would essentially preclude modification of legacy applications which might otherwise take advantage of the new API. Expanding the amount information returned to the ap- plication to more than just the fact that an event occurred was also considered desirable. For readable sockets, the user may want to know how many bytes are actually pending in the socket buffer in order to avoid multiple read() calls....

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International association for political science students

Within the kernel, the situation is also not ideal. Space must be found to hold the descriptor list; for large lists, this is done by calling malloc(), and the area must in turn be freed before returning. After the copy is per- formed, the kernel must examine every entry to deter- mine whether there is pending activity on the descriptor. If the kernel has not found any active descriptors in the current scan, it will then update the descriptor’s selinfo entry; this information is used to perform a wakeup on the process in the event that it calls tsleep() while wait- ing for activity on the descriptor. After the process...

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EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY INTERNATIONAL GREENING EDUCATION EVENT

As an example, consider the case where several net- work packets arrive for a socket. We could consider each incoming packet as a discrete event, recording one event for each packet. However, the number of incoming pack- ets is essentially unbounded, while the amount of mem- ory in the system is finite; we would be unable to provide a guarantee that no events would be lost. The result of the above scenario is that multiple pack- ets are coalesced into a single event. Events that are delivered to the application may correspond to multiple occurrences of activity on the event source being moni- tored. In addition, suppose a packet arrives containing bytes, and...

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TimeML: Robust Specification of Event and Temporal Expressions in Text

A final design criteria was that the API should be cor- rect, in that events should only be reported if they are applicable. Consider the case where a packet arrives on a socket, in turn generating an event. However, before the application is notified of this pending event, it per- forms a close() on the socket. Since the socket is no longer open, the event should not be delivered to the ap- plication, as it is no longer relevant. Furthermore, if the event happens to be identified by the file descriptor, and another descriptor is created with the same identity, the event should be removed, to preclude the possibility of false...

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HANDLING MOUSE AND KEYBOARD EVENTS

Finally, the last design goal for the API is that it should be possible for a library to use the mechanism without fear of conflicts with the main program. This allows 3 party code that uses the API to be linked into the application without conflict. While on the surface this appears to be obvious, several counter examples exist. Within a process, a signal may only have a single sig- nal handler registered, so library code typically can not use signals. X-window applications only allow for a sin- gle event loop. The existing select() and poll() calls do not have this problem, since they are stateless, but our new API, which moves...

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An Event-Condition-Action Logic Programming Language ?

The READ and WRITE filters are intended to work on any file descriptor, and the ident field contains the descriptor number. These filters closely mirror the be- havior of poll() or select(), in that they are intended to return whenever there is data ready to read, or if the ap- plication can write without blocking. The kernel func- tion corresponding to the filter depends on the descriptor type, so the implementation is tailored for the require- ments of each type of descriptor in use. In general, the amount of data that is ready to read (or able to be writ- ten) will be returned in the data field within the...

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Event-Based Programming without Inversion of Control

For example, the read filter for socket descriptors is triggered as long as there is data in the socket buffer greater than the SO LOWAT mark, or when the socket has shutdown and is unable to receive any more data. The filter will return the number of bytes pending in the socket buffer, as well as set an EOF flag for the shutdown case. This providesmore information that the application can use while processing the event. As EOF is explicitly returned when the socket is shutdown, the application no longer needs to make an additional call to read() in order to discover an EOF condition. A non kqueue-aware application using the...

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The Design and Performance of a Real-time CORBA Event Service

A traditional application built around poll will have a single structure containing all active descriptors, which is passed to the kernel every time the applications goes through the central event loop. A kqueue-aware applica- tion will need to notify the kernel of any changes to the list of active descriptors, instead of passing in the entire list. This can be done either by calling kevent() for each update to the active descriptor list, or by building up a list of descriptor changes and then passing this list to the kernel the next time the event loop is called. The lat- ter approach offers better performance, as it reduces the number of...

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Open Domain Event Extraction from Twitter

Maliciously modified devices are already a reality. In 2006, Apple shipped iPods infected with the RavMonE virus [4]. During the cold war, the CIA sabotaged oil pipeline control software, which was then allowed to be “stolen” by Russian spies [10]. Conversely, Russian agents intercepted and modified typewriters which were to be used at the US embassy in Moscow; the modifica- tions allowed the Russians to copy any documents typed on said typewriters [16]. Recently, external hard drives sold by Seagate in Taiwan were shipped with a trojan in- stalled that sent personal data to a remote attacker [1]. Although none of these attacks use malicious circuits, they clearly show the feasibility of...

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Event Category Learning

Hidden malicious circuits provide an attacker with a stealthy attack vector. As they occupy a layer below the entire software stack, malicious circuits can bypass tra- ditional defensive techniques. Yet current work on trojan circuits considers only simple attacks against the hard- ware itself, and straightforward defenses. More complex designs that attack the software are unexplored, as are the countermeasures an attacker may take to bypass pro- posed defenses. We present the design and implementation of Illinois Malicious Processors (IMPs). There is a substantial de- sign space in malicious circuitry; we show that an at- tacker, rather than designing one specific attack, can in- stead design hardware to support attacks. Such flexi- ble hardware...

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Semantic and affective processing in psychopaths: An event-related potential ~ERP! study

In this section we define the problem we address, state our assumptions, and describe our threat model. We address the problem of designing and implement- ing malicious processors that carry out high-level at- tacks. In this paper we focus on an attacker that adds additional circuits to carry out the attack. We consider analog circuit perturbations (both timing and power), as well as discrete perturbations. We do not consider at- tacks where the gate-level design is unmodified and the attacker uses physical phenomena (e.g., excessive heat) to perturb execution or degrade performance of the cir- cuit. There are multitude of opportunities to insert hardware-based attacks, including the design, fabrica- tion, packaging, testing, and integration...

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Designing and implementing malicious hardware

Our memory access mechanism provides hardware sup- port for unprivileged malicious software by allowing ac- cess to privileged memory regions. Malicious software triggers the attack by forcing a sequence of bytes on the data bus to enable the memory access circuits. This se- quence can be arbitrarily long to avoid false positives and the particular sequence must be agreed upon be- fore deployment. Once the sequence is observed, the MMU in the data cache ignores CPU privilege levels for memory accesses, thus granting unprivileged soft- ware access to all memory, including privileged mem- ory regions like the operating system’s internal mem- ory. In other words, loading a magic value on the data bus...

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Kqueue: A generic and scalable event notification facility

Applications running on a UNIX platform need to be no- tified when some activity occurs on a socket or other de- scriptor, and this is traditionally done with the select() or poll() system calls. However, it has been shown that the performance of these calls does not scale well with an in- creasing number of descriptors. These interfaces are also limited in the respect that they are unable to handle other potentially interesting activities that an application might be interested in, these might include signals, file system changes, and AIO completions. This paper presents a generic event delivery mechanism, which allows an ap- plication to select from a wide range of...

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What, where and who? Classifying events by scene and object recognition

The entire format, name, route and length of your event depends solely on what you want to achieve. You’re in charge of how complex or simple you want to make it. There are masses of different types of walking event, ranging from fun walks and sponsored charity walks, to courses with measured distances and long distance challenges. A promoted walking event can be very attractive to people who are unused to walking or to exploring the countryside, since they know they can’t get lost, they can go at their own pace, they may meet new friends, learn more...

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Detection Power, Estimation Efficiency, and Predictability in Event-Related fMRI

Once you’ve narrowed down the time of year you’ll need to find out what other events are planned around the same time. As well as walking events you should consider other things that may compete for the same audience. In an ideal world you should pick a date that doesn’t clash with any significant competitor. Look for other organisations’ actual or likely dates on the internet, in forward planning publications and back issues of listings magazines (large public reference libraries are a good source of back issues of publications and of forward planning directories like The Year Ahead). Always check...

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