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University of Illinois Extension
When surveyed, Americans consistently support guaranteeing health insurance for more people. Options for reforming the current health insurance system and decreasing the number of uninsured continue to be debated. Most proposals recognize that in order to make health insurance affordable for the majority of the uninsured, premiums will need to be subsidized for the lowest income groups. However, rising health care costs and fiscal constraints to expanding public coverage, pose a significant challenge for reform. In the absence of national reform, Governors and legislatures are seeking practical solutions and proposing a diverse mix of strategies to...
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Understanding Life Insurance
Health insurance makes a difference in whether and when people get necessary medical care, where they get their care, and ultimately, how healthy people are. Uninsured adults are far more likely than the insured to postpone or forgo health care altogether and less able to afford prescription drugs or follow through with recommended treatments. Problems getting needed care are less common among children, who are generally healthy, but disparities in access to care between uninsured and insured children are as great as the adult differences. The consequences of reduced access to care can be severe, particularly...
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Shopping For A Safer Car 2012
The costs of uncompensated care are estimated to be about $41 billion in 2004. Projected government spending available to pay for the care of the uninsured in 2004 is $34.6 billion—about 85% of the total uncompensated care bill. More than half of all funds for uncompensated care come from the federal government, with the majority (70%) of federal dollars flowing through Medicare and Medicaid. Most government dollars for uncompensated care goes for hospital care—which is paid indirectly to hospitals based partly on the share of uncompensated care they provide. Uncompensated care costs in direct service programs,...
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Consumer’s Guide to Title Insurance and Escrow Services
This helpsheet will help you fill in boxes 4 to 11 in the ‘Life insurance gains’ section on page Ai 1 of the Additional Information pages of the tax return. It will help you decide which boxes you need to use and what you need to enter in those boxes. These notes are generally applicable to individuals, trustees and personal representatives of a deceased person unless the notes say otherwise. This helpsheet deals with chargeable event gains on UK life insurance policies, life annuities and capital redemption policies. This helpsheet will help you fill in your tax return for the year ended 5 April 2012. This is because it...
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Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956*
A single premium life insurance policy is one where you pay an amount (a premium) to the insurer at the beginning of the policy. You may also be able to pay additional premiums. This type of policy pays out a lump sum on its maturity or if you (or another life assured) should die. You may also withdraw sums or a loan may be made by the insurer or by arrangement with it, while the policy is in force, or you may sell or assign the policy or surrender it completely before it is due to mature. This type of policy can never be a qualifying...
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Application for AHCCCS Health Insurance
These types of policies give rise to an annual charge as well as to the other charges that arise on a gain. In general, a Personal Portfolio Bond (PPB) is a life insurance policy where the benefits payable are determined by the value of certain property chosen directly or indirectly by the policyholder , rather than investment funds generally available to other policyholders. The charge will arise if the policy is a PPB at the end of the insurance year . You are treated as having made a gain of an amount equal to 15 per cent of premiums paid, with the premiums paid being treated...
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What You should Know: About Buying Life Insurance
You may also have made a gain that is only taxable when your policy ends. This is because in each insurance year you can withdraw up to 5 per cent of the premium paid into a single premium policy without a gain happening in that year . The 5 per cent includes regular pay-outs or withdrawals. If, for example, you do not make any withdrawals in an insurance year , the full amount of the 5 per cent ‘annual allowance’ is carried forward. This means that in the second insurance year , if you have not made a withdrawal in the first insurance year , you can...
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What the future holds Insurance 2020
The Affordable Care Act increases insurance company accountability by supporting States’ review of premium increases, setting standards for the amount of premiums spent on benefits versus overhead (i.e., medical loss ratios), and posting insurance price information for transparency. A Small Business Health Care Tax Credit, reinsurance for early retirees, and premium assistance for uninsured people with pre-existing conditions have already provided targeted relief for millions of insured and uninsured Americans, and these changes are making a difference. Preliminary evidence suggests that rate increases for 2011 may be lower than in previous years. In addition, roughly 16.6 million...
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Paying the Price: How Health Insurance Premiums Are Eating Up Middle-Class Incomes
In 2014, annual premiums are projected to fall compared to what they would have been without the Affordable Care Act. These savings could be as much as $2,300 for middle-income families purchasing through Exchanges. A low-income family of four with an income of $33,525 could save as much as $9,900 in premiums and $5,000 in cost sharing due to the extra help from new tax credits and cost sharing assistance. Small businesses, on average, could save up to $350 per family policy due to lower costs in the Exchanges and could get tax credits for up to 50 percent of...
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The Affordable Care Act:The First Year
Valuation of all assets and liabilities, other than technical provisions should be carried out, unless otherwise stated in conformity with International Accounting Standards as endorsed by the European Commission. They are therefore considered a suitable proxy to the extent they reflect the economic valuation principles of Solvency II. Therefore the underlying principles (definition of assets and liabilities, recognition and derecognition criteria) stipulated in the IFRS-system are also considered adequate, unless stated otherwise and should therefore be applied to the Solvency II balance sheet. ...
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Survivors Benefits
Rate review grants and standards: In August 2010, 45 States and the District of Columbia each received $1 million grants to develop or make improvements to their existing rate review and approval practices, strengthening their processes and oversight capacities. States have already used these funds to hire staff, increase data reporting, and enhance their information technology. On December 21, 2010, HHS posted a proposed regulation regarding standards for rate review. The proposed regulation, anticipated to be finalized this summer, suggests that proposed rate increases above 10 percent in 2011 be posted and reviewed to assess whether they...
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Princess Vacation Protection
Reinsurance for health plans that cover early retirees: The law provided $5 billion for reinsurance payments for health benefit claims of retirees age 55 and older who are not yet eligible for Medicare, and for their eligible spouses, including surviving spouses, and dependents. The amount of the reimbursement to the employer or union is 80 percent of an individual’s medical claims costs above $15,000 and below $90,000. Approved employers and unions can use these funds to provide premium relief and other health care cost relief to their retirees and workers and their families, to offset increases in their own...
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A Consumer’s Guide To Auto Insurance
Rate review efforts stepped up: Preliminary results indicate the new tools offered by the Affordable Care Act appear to be helping to slow down premium growth. In Connecticut, for instance, existing State authority bolstered by Federal resources from the Act led the State Insurance Commissioner to reject a proposed 19.9 percent premium increase by the State’s largest insurer that would have raised costs for 48,000 consumers. This year, the Connecticut legislature is considering increasing its rate review authority in part because of the law’s new resources and standards. 28 Heightened scrutiny of rate...
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Health Insurance Premiums: Past High Costs Will Become the Present and Future Without Health Reform January 28, 2011
Medical loss ratio likely to lead to rebates: This year, health insurers must either meet the new minimum loss ratio requirements by spending at least 80 percent of premiums on care and quality improvement or offer customers rebates in 2012. Already, 75 million Americans in plans covered by this rule are benefiting from insurers’ efforts to lower administrative costs and increase the value of their coverage. We estimate, in the small group market, one million enrollees could receive rebates averaging $312 per enrollee. In the large group market, another million enrollees could receive average rebates of $166...
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Paying For National Health Insurance—And Not Getting It
The loss of the family wage earner can be devastating, both emotionally and financially. Social Security helps by providing income for the families of workers who die. In fact, 98 of every 100 children could get benefits if a working parent dies. And Social Security pays more benefits to children than any other federal program. This booklet gives you an overview of Social Security survivors benefits paid to the spouse and children of a worker who dies. This booklet is not intended to answer all the questions you may have. For more information about Social Security’s survivors program, visit our website...
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Can a Public Insurance Plan Increase Competition and Lower the Costs of Health Reform?
Many people think of Social Security only as a retirement program. But some of the Social Security taxes you pay go toward providing survivors insurance for workers and their families. In fact, the value of the survivors insurance you have under Social Security is probably more than the value of your individual life insurance. When you die, certain members of your family may be eligible for survivors benefits. These include widows, widowers (and divorced widows and widowers), children and dependent parents....
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Gains on UK life insurance policies
If you have been divorced, your former wife or husband who is age 60 or older (50-59 if disabled) can get benefits if your marriage lasted at least 10 years. Your former spouse, however, does not have to meet the age or length- of-marriage rule if he or she is caring for his/her child who is younger than age 16 or who is disabled and also entitled based on your work. The child must be your former spouse’s natural or legally adopted child. Benefits paid to you as a surviving divorced spouse who meets the age or disability requirement as a widow...
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THE UNINSURED: A PRIMER
If you are getting benefits as a wife or husband based on your spouse’s work, when you report the death to us, we will change your payments to survivors benefits. If we need more information, we will contact you. If you are getting benefits based on your own work, call or visit us, and we will check to see if you can get more money as a widow or widower. If so, you will receive a combination of benefits that equals the higher amount. You will need to complete an application to switch to survivors benefits, and we will need to...
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Medicare versus Private Health Insurance: The Cost of Administration
Given the importance of the insurance sector, its potential for growth, rapidly emerging trends within the sector including the trend towards liberalization of insurance services, it is essential to clearly understand the challenges and opportunities that arise from both the development of the insurance sector as well as its liberalization for developing countries. It was with this objective in mind that UNCTAD, at the behest of its member States and in accordance to its mandate pursuant to the ninth session of the Commission on Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities, held in Geneva from 14 to 18 March 2005, held...
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PSI Principles for Sustainable Insurance
The discussions indicated that while insurance service liberalization and globalization can be beneficial, they have different impacts on developed and developing countries. Country experiences seemed to indicate that liberalization of insurance services needs to be accompanied by a strategic and clearly defined national policy on the financial services sector in general and the insurance sector in particular (taking into account each country’s specific national development objectives), as well as the development of efficient and effective regulatory and supervisory frameworks, in line with international initiatives. This recognition that liberalization alone might be insufficient may be one of the reasons for the hesitation...
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The Development And Growth Of Employer-Provided Health Insurance
Other areas that pose a challenge for developing countries include the potential impact of the operations of insurance companies on the activities of policyholders and the economy as a whole, the impact of emerging trends in the global insurance market, the need to overcome supply-side constraints, the need to raise public awareness about the benefits of insurance coverage, the need to build human capacity and how to take advantage of changes arising from liberalization and globalization within the insurance sector to develop export opportunities. The role of regional/South-South cooperation and that of government as a facilitator, regulator and provider of...
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Medical Insurance Relief
We are all aware of the essential role that insurance services play as a commercial and infrastructural service. From an infrastructural perspective it promotes financial and social stability, mobilizes and channel savings, supports trade, commerce and entrepreneurial activity and improves the quality of the lives of individuals. In a fast-globalizing world economy, Governments the world over are faced with challenges relating to the regulatory environment, emerging global trends in the insurance sector, technological innovations and liberalization of the insurance sector. The impact of these trends is perhaps more pronounced in the case of developing countries, who stand to benefit from...
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RISK AND INSURANCE
One finds that there is a positive correlation between a country’s level of development and insurance coverage. Developed countries tend to have better developed and well- functioning insurance services sectors both domestically and in terms of insurance exports, as compared to developing countries. This is perhaps most evident when one compares the share of industrialized countries in the world insurance markets, which in 2004 stood at 88.5 per cent as compared with 11.4 per cent for emerging markets, the majority of which are developing countries. Another good indication of insurance penetration is the premium volume generated as a percentage of...
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Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
A second area is the importance of building supply side capacity. Given the capital intensive nature of the insurance sector this is a not a simple task, but nonetheless one which is achievable, primarily by building on existing insurance strengths. This could involve raising public awareness, training of insurance professionals, identifying sectors of strength or niche areas where strength can be developed. In this regard, Developing countries can avail of inherent advantages such as existing distribution networks, local knowledge, identifying niche areas of operation including in the context of Mode 4, insurance intermediation, software and outsourcing services among others. Further...
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Actuarial Versus Financial Pricing Of Insurance
For States that do not seek to operate a State-based Exchange or a Partnership with the Federally- facilitated Exchange, HHS will establish and operate a Federally-facilitated Exchange. In such instances, a State may elect to run reinsurance and may elect to coordinate with CMCS on decisions and protocols for either an eligibility assessment or eligibility determination model in the Federally- facilitated Exchange. HHS will work in collaboration with States in all areas, particularly in areas where a State can leverage existing processes, to ensure the best, most effective experience for its residents. Regardless of the model, HHS intends to work in...
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Health Insurance For Small Employers and Their Employees 2012
A third area is the role of regulation frameworks. The importance of setting in place efficient regulatory structures as a prerequisite to the efficient operation of the insurance sector and particularly in the context of insurance liberalization and an evolving global insurance sector is essential. Emerging trends in the global insurance market particularly those relating to technology, newer financial products and corporate failures have underscored the value of regulation in the insurance sector. There exist differences, sometimes large ones in the regulatory and supervisory structures of developed and developing countries. In respect of regulation most Governments are faced with three...
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Protecting Your Health Insurance Coverage
In summary, many of the issues raised can be addressed through effective policymaking in these five areas, overcoming supply side constraints, establishing and implementing effective financial and supervisory machinery to ensure smooth functioning of the insurance sector and its stakeholders, identifying areas where the Government has a role as a provider of insurance services and last appropriate sequencing of privatization and liberalization of insurance services, while identifying areas of export interest present or potential for developing countries. All this presupposes necessary technical cooperation and capacity-building support. ...
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Colorado Department of Insurance Licensing Candidate Handbook
Some of the issues just outlined are issues that have been constructively considered in the course of this book. UNCTAD has been involved in the area of insurance since its inception in 1964. More recently with the twin focus on the insurance sector being in the area of regulation and trade negotiation in the sector, we have at the request of our member States tried to look at arising development implications so as to provide an overview. As a focal point in the United Nations system for the integrated treatment of trade and development and related issues, UNCTAD has unique...
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Insurance Law Regulations in India
In this vein UNCTADs contribution will continue to focus on: the benefits and challenges arising from international trade in insurance services, regulatory challenges arising from domestic implementation as well as in relation to the GATS, measures to overcome supply side constraints and build domestic capacity in the insurance sector, the role of the Government both as a regulator and a provider of insurance services, likely impacts of emerging global and technological trends in the insurance sector and in relation to the GATS assisting developing countries in their ongoing and evolving negotiations on insurance services and larger issues which could impact...
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The Potential for Scale and Sustainability in Weather Index Insurance
This publication consists of six parts. The first part is intended to provide readers with an overview of the insurance sector from the perspective of developing countries. It considers developing country shares in the global insurance market, regulatory and trade liberalization issues that developing countries are faced with as well as suggestions as to how developing countries can identify areas of competence within the insurance services sector. It includes a paper by UNCTAD staff members Mina Mashayekhi, Elizabeth Tuerk and Deepali Fernandes which sets out ithe importance and role of insurance services, tying it in with regulatory frameworks and as...
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