Tài liệu miễn phí Báo chí - Truyền thông
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The English Baccalaureate was introduced as a performance measure for
schools in England in the 2010 performance tables. It is not a qualification.
The measure recognises where pupils have achieved a C grade or better
at GCSE in English, mathematics, history or geography, two sciences and
a modern or ancient language.
As this document demonstrates, the English Baccalaureate includes
academic subjects highly valued by the Russell Group but it is not currently
required for entry to any Russell Group university. With the exception
of English and Maths, and in a few cases a Modern Foreign Language,
most...
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The most important thing that your teachers will be looking for as you make
your choices is evidence: either evidence that you are good enough to take
the subject at advanced level, or evidence that you are interested enough
in a subject to take it at advanced level if you have not studied it before.
Another factor to consider if you are aiming for incredibly competitive
courses at university, such as Medicine, is that you may require a very high
performance in standard level qualifications. Does your performance to
date match your ambition?
It is important that your decisions are taken on...
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There are some advanced level subjects which provide suitable preparation
for entry to university generally, but which we do not include within the
facilitating subjects, because there are relatively few degree programmes
where an advanced level qualification in these subjects would be a
requirement for entry. Examples of such subjects include Economics,
Religious Studies and Welsh. Advanced-level Welsh has separate curricula
for first- and second-language Welsh speakers. The former develops
literary and linguistic skills equivalent to those in advanced-level English;
the latter develops skills equivalent to those in Modern Languages. Both
routes are suitable preparation for university study in...
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There are many rumours about subjects being regarded as ‘hard’ or ‘soft’
and different people will have differing opinions on the matter.
In general, subjects referred to as being ‘hard’ are more traditional and
theoretical subjects, for example: English, History, Physics and Chemistry.
In fact all the facilitating subjects listed earlier can be considered ‘hard’
with the addition of others such as Economics and Politics.
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‘Soft’ subjects are usually subjects with a vocational or practical bias,
for example: Media Studies, Art and Design, Photography and Business
Studies. However, there is no set definition of a ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ subject.
Generally speaking, students who take one ‘soft’ subject as part of a wider
portfolio of subjects do not experience any problems applying to a Russell
Group university.
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Critical Thinking and/or General Studies are usually better taken only as
an ‘extra’, rather than as one of the advanced level subjects on which your
university application will be relying.
One of the best ways to keep your options at university open is to choose
your advanced level subjects from the list of facilitating subjects.
If you are not sure of what to study at university, why not think about your
two favourite subjects from the facilitating subjects list? The section on
what subjects can give me the most options may help you choose....
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If you are a very talented scientist/mathematician, it is important that out
of the four available sciences – Biology, Chemistry, Maths (which includes
both Mathematics and Further Mathematics) and Physics – you should
choose three. If you know you are inclined towards the life sciences then
you should choose Chemistry and Biology. If you know you are on the
engineering side you should choose Mathematics (and possibly Further
Mathematics) and Physics.
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There is little possibility of
answering such questions about the extensions of man without
considering all of them together. Any extension, whether of skin,
hand, or foot, affects the whole psychic and social complex.
Some of the principal extensions, together with some of their psychic
and social consequences, are studied in this book. Just how little
consideration has been given to such matters in the past can be
gathered from the consternation of one of the editors of this book.
He noted in dismay that seventy-five per cent of your material is
new. A successful book cannot venture to be...
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In the mechanical age now receding, many actions could be taken
without too much concern. Slow movement insured that the
reactions were delayed for considerable periods of time. Today the
action and the reaction occur almost at the same time. We actually
live mythically and integrally, as it were, but we continue to think in
the old, fragmented space and time patterns of the pre-electric age.
Western man acquired from the technology of literacy the power to
act without reacting. The advantages of fragmenting himself in this
way are seen in the case of the surgeon who would be quite...
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The Theater of the Absurd dramatizes this recent dilemma of
Western man, the man of action who appears not to be involved in
the action. Such is the origin and appeal of Samuel Beckett's clowns.
After three thousand years of specialist explosion and of increasing
specialism and alienation in the technological extensions of our
bodies, our world has become compressional by dramatic reversal.
As electrically contracted, the globe is no more than a village.
Electric speed in bringing all social and political functions together in
a sudden implosion has heightened human awareness of
responsibility to an intense degree. It is...
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This is the Age of Anxiety for the reason of the electric implosion that
compels commitment and participation, quite regardless of any
point of view. The partial and specialized character of the viewpoint,
however noble, will not serve at all in the electric age. At the
information level the same upset has occurred with the substitution
of the inclusive image for the mere viewpoint. If the nineteenth
century was the age of the editorial chair, ours is the century of the
psychiatrist's couch. As extension of man the chair is a specialist
ablation of the posterior, a sort of ablative...
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The mark of our time is its revulsion against imposed
patterns. We are suddenly eager to have things and people declare
their beings totally. There is a deep faith to be found in this new
attitude— a faith that concerns the ultimate harmony of all being.
Such is the faith in which this book has been written. It explores the
contours of our own extended beings in our technologies, seeking
the principle of intelligibility in each of them. In the full confidence
that it is possible to win an understanding of these forms that will
bring them into orderly...
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In a culture like ours, long accustomed to splitting and dividing all
things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be
reminded that, in operational and practical fact, the medium is the
message. This is merely to say that the personal and social
consequences of any medium-- that is, of any extension of ourselves
-- result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each
extension of ourselves, or by any new technology. Thus, with
automation, for example, the new patterns of human association
tend to eliminate jobs, it...
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The instance of the electric light may prove illuminating in this
connection. The electric light is pure information. It is a medium
without a message, as it were, unless it is used to spell out some
verbal ad or name. This fact, characteristic of all media, means that
the content of any medium is always another medium. The content
of writing is speech, just as the written word is the content of print,
and print is the content of the telegraph. If it is asked, What is the
content of speech?, it is necessary to say, It is an...
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But the patterns of Indian child socialisation are bound to change as processes
of modernisation and lately globalisation, proceed apace. As Murphy (1953) points
out, Indian children are friendly, responsible, artistic, cheerful and spontaneous –a
result she believes of the acceptance of children in the everyday pattern of family
living, the easy participation of people of any age in the activities of the rest. But she
adds that Indian children over the age of eight or nine –anticipating the fully socialised
Indian personality–, lacked both the stimulus to problem solving or the practice in
cooperative thinking and planning that would match the spontaneity and capacity for
relationships. Murphy...
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Several scholars (Narain, 1957; Nandy, 1980; Carstairs, 1957; Kakar, 1981;
Seymour, 1999), following Murphy’s work, have explored child-rearing practices in
India and comment on over-indulgence childhood, maternal enthralment and a very
different cultural model of upbringing in comparison with the West. Although there
are very few studies on childhood per se, hardly any scholarly study exists on children’s
participation in media, except research done in a roundabout way, for instance, on
the impact of media violence on children, on viewing habits and their effects on
studies, and so on. Most of these constructions are adult-centric; children’s views are
rarely expressed and respected. How children use media and participate...
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In India, there is a clear distinction between the terms «media education», «edu-
cational technology» and «professional education in media». The term «educational
technology» includes all teaching techniques as wells as the use of media in school
lessons; the term «professional education in media» refers to a mixture between schools
of journalism and film. «Media education» considers learning about media while
educational technology is learning by using media. Educational technology is integrated
into the curriculum of the Indian teacher training institutes to enable teachers to make
use of media in their lessons whereas media education is not part of training....
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There are only a couple of educational institutions including universities that
look into media education, and offer projects and conferences. According to Kumar,
media education should lead to democratic communication. He defines media
education as a teaching method that uses formal, non-formal, and informal approaches
to impart a critical understanding of various media in order to lead to greater
responsibility, greater participation in the production of media as well as to a greater
interest in the sales and reception of media. Kumar identifies some of the difficulties
that media education faces in India: the exam-oriented curriculum, the dependence
of media education on government policy, and a problem within...
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As Thomas writes, media education in India is still in an experimental stage
with very little feedback. Besides the concepts of media education are rather geared
to the Western hemisphere and India being a developing country has very different
concerns about development. These kinds of changes in the Asian context demand
an alternative definition and approach to media education to the one outlined by
Masterman (1985). This new and different paradigm can be examined in the context
of research and theories of the «popular» developed in Latin American countries as
well as in relation to new social movements, around the struggle for the right to
information and to...
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The definition from the Toulouse Conference in 1991 reads that, «Media edu-
cation is an educational process / practice that seeks to enable members of a community
creatively and critically to participate (at all levels of production, distribution and
exhibition) in the use of the technological and traditional media for the development
and liberation of themselves and the community, as well as for the democratization of
communication». This approach places the «development» and «liberation» of the
community as a whole rather than on the production of critically autonomous
individuals and the «democratization of communication» which entails participation
by all members of a community at levels of planning, production,...
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Media education as an area of studies can address and enlighten many issues
and concerns. The purpose of this analysis was to consider some of the features that
mark media education in general and also to attempt to locate them within the Indian
context, in relation to other development perspectives. Despite disparities in theories
and scientific approaches, an overall evaluation of media education concepts point
out a common agreement over the understanding that communication is a cultural
endeavour and that it has a basic underlying purpose which is constructed by the
political, economic and social situations in different societies....
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The media strongly influence people’s conceptions and perceptions of the so-
cial environment. While providing entertainment, they also impart information, cul-
tural knowledge and values that in turn influence how people come to view themselves,
certain social groups, gender roles, etc. Thus, the media not only aid in socialization,
but by providing symbolic resources, they also exercise a form of pedagogy. This is
the basis of media education as researchers in this field argue that a media literate
person can not only take on a critical, analytical and evaluative perspective but can
also use media to contribute to the production and communication of knowledge.
The important question is...
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Consider the implications of those final sentences: students who take courses
on media, who learn about the human rights to free speech and free press, and who
actively participate in student media organizations are more likely than their peers to
believe that people who hold unpopular opinions have a right to express them –and
that others have a right to hear them. This then suggests a relationship among students
pro-actively learning about the media, students working on their own media outlet,
and students’ respect and support for the rights of free expression and freedom of
information for themselves and others....
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If one posits a powerful connection among learning, doing and understanding,
then the argument for teaching media literacy is a compelling one. And equally, there
is a compelling case to be made that the teaching of media literacy should be global –
the content of the course should be global, because the effects of media messages
certainly are.
There is no global issue or political arena in which the statement of problems
and the framing of possible solutions are not influenced by media coverage. Students
in both developed and developing nations need to understand the different ways
media shape the world and the essential ways in which media...
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Since the Summer of 2007, the three-week Academy programme has brought
together top undergraduate, MA and PhD students with a global faculty to study and
live at the Seminar’s home in Salzburg, Austria, in the 18th
century Schloss Leopold-
skron. Funded by the partnering universities, by international organizations, national
foundations, governments, corporations, and private philanthropists, professors and
students have together worked in cross-national teams to research and write case
studies and related exercises about how media affect the public’s understanding of
their own societies, governments, and regions. The Academy’s media literacy resources
are written by a global community for a global community and are accessible by
students and schools...
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The university environment is increasingly where innovation in education
curricula is beginning. But it’s not easy to change universities. While the bureaucratic
infrastructure may be less entrenched than in primary and secondary school systems,
a critical mass of people calling for change is still essential. So in order to encourage
that critical mass developing, ICMPA and Salzburg decided to recruit not just indivi-
dual students to come to the Academy or individual faculty members to teach at the
Academy, but to invite both students and faculty members from specific universities
from across the world to join in partnership. The idea was this: each university would
commit to sending...
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Tham khảo sách 'a theory of media politics', văn hoá - nghệ thuật, báo chí - truyền thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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The authors, Richard Kissel, Matthew Scholl, Steven Skolochenko and Xing Li wish to express
their thanks to colleagues who reviewed the drafts of this document and everyone who
provided comments. In particular, their appreciation goes Rick Ayers, Murugiah Souppaya,
Mark Wilson, Tanya Brewer and Elizabeth Lennon who assisted with our internal review
process. Thanks also goes to William Gill, Dr. Chun Tse, and Dr. Simson Garfinkel for their
research, technical support, and written contributions to this document. Thanks also to Kevin
Stine of the FDA for his keen insights and assistance with the final review.
This work...
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Information systems capture, process, and store information using a wide variety of media.
This information is not only located on the intended storage media but also on devices used to
create, process, or transmit this information. These media may require special disposition in
order to mitigate the risk of unauthorized disclosure of information and to ensure its
confidentiality. Efficient and effective management of information that is created, processed,
and stored by an information technology (IT) system throughout its life, from inception
through disposition, is a primary concern of an information system owner and the custodian of
the...
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When storage media are transferred, become obsolete, or are no longer usable or required by
an information system, it is important to ensure that residual magnetic, optical, electrical, or
other representation of data that has been deleted is not easily recoverable. Sanitization refers
to the general process of removing data from storage media, such that there is reasonable
assurance that the data may not be easily retrieved and reconstructed.
This guide will assist organizations and system owners in making practical sanitization
decisions based on the level of confidentiality of their information. It does not, and cannot,
specifically address all...
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