Tài liệu miễn phí Tiếng Anh thương mại
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This process of Hazard Assessment, as required by 1910.132(d), is the focus of this resource
document. We hope to offer ideas and suggestions to management seeking compliance with
certain programmatic aspects of the personal protective equipment standard. The guidelines
presented here are primarily derived from the appendices of Subpart I.
Excluded from consideration are the requirements of 1910.134 - Respiratory Protection and
1910.95 - Occupational Noise (Hearing Conservation). Guidance for complying with those
standards may be found in other documents, Respiratory Protection Guidelines and Hearing
Conservation Program, also available from Safe State.
To make the...
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Some types of PPE are simply not appropriate for use in certain situations. For instance,
let's say you have maintenance employees working in a shop area where they have been
assigned to wear ANSI-approved safety glasses with side shields for protection against
flying particles generated at various grinding machines. One of these employees is called
away to work in a treating area where dip tanks are located. Assigned PPE in the treating
area consists of chemical-protective splash goggles. If your maintenance employee
entered the treating area wearing his safety glasses, his eyes would be potentially exposed...
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Some limitations are imposed by incompatibilities of barrier material with chemical
agents. Chemical resistant gloves, suits, etc. are rated on the ability to prevent contact
with special types of chemicals. This performance is usually rated in terms of
breakthrough times, that is how long it takes for a particular chemical to pass through a
particular barrier material under test conditions.
This kind of information should be obtained from manufacturers (or from other reputable
sources of technical information such as NIOSH, OSHA, etc.)and used to determine (a)
What types of barrier materials are best suited for working with...
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We honor those who provided this rich intellectual heritage while also recognizing that much
has changed in the decades since the term media literacy first came into use. In
responding to those changes, this document shifts the focus of the discussion from what we
believe to be true about media to what we believe to be true about how people learn to think
critically. It expands the boundaries of the field to encompass not only what we teach but
also how we teach, thereby distinguishing these as Core Principles of media literacy
education rather than solely as...
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The Facebook newsfeeds we will see at the end of
next year will look very different from the ones we
see now. We will see the rise of bigger, bolder, more
interactive – and intrusive – Facebook advertisements
in 2013.
It was only a matter of time before Facebook sought to
monetize and justify its massive valuation. The drive for
effective and revenue-generating advertising will draw on
its powerful social ecosystem, pushing the creative formats
and placements far away from the ads we see today.
Brands will be permitted to be more visible on members’
newsfeeds, growing the use of sponsored stories...
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Facebook will morph from a relatively private social space
to a business entity driven by the bottom line. Brands will
need to tread carefully as they explore these new
opportunities. Some users will tolerate prominent
advertising in return for free access to their friends and
social connections, but others may balk at increased
commercialization. Seeing their personal data sold for
targeted advertising may cause resentment, unless brands
deliver engaging content that is appropriate for this
personal space.
As brands start to invest higher CPMs in more impactful
ad units, it will become increasingly important to optimize
visuals and messaging. Some of...
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Picture this... you walk into a room and the ambience
instantly adapts to your personal preferences—the
lighting dims, jazz music begins to play, and pictures
of your favorite beach are projected onto the walls.
You set your smartphone down on the desk, and all
your information (files, pictures, songs, movies, etc.)
are at your fingertips; no more laptop bags, flash
drives, or papers—everything is just there. With
increased power and capabilities, our mobile devices
become the remote controls of our lives, allowing not
only active control of electronics, but seamless
integration of the world around us.
While the milieu described above...
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One of the great things about the Internet is that you
can access all your favorite content at the touch of a
button and all for free, right? Not for much longer. In
2013 we will see an increase in the amount of content
shifting away from ad-supported business models to
pay-per-view or subscription-based models.
Driving the change is the rapid decline in audiences for the
big players of traditional media. Newspaper and magazine
circulation is in decline and TV audiences are becoming
increasingly fragmented, due to the growth of alternative
television services as well as online and mobile video
consumption.
While...
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While many of these players have established solid online
properties, they have generally been seen as an extension
of their traditional audience and are based around a free
access, ad-supported business model. To sustain
high-quality content, they will need to use some form of
subscription-based access to ensure delivery of specialized
and exclusive content. The Wall Street Journal led the way
as far back as 1997, but ever more established content
sites will move towards paywalls and subscription models.
What does this mean for brands and marketers?
More fragmentation – with consumers now having to pay,
you can expect audience sizes for...
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Omnichannel marketing is about being present or
available across the consumer’s behavioral path:
each potential contact point integrated with all others.
The concept started in the retail sector where this
behavioral path is easily tracked across online,
offline and mobile touchpoints (both marketing and
transactional).
The digital arena will represent the first stage of more
brands adopting an omnichannel mindset, as social and
mobile data sources are blended with offline brand
experiences. Customer data will be key to these efforts as
big data moves from a passive pool of potential insights,
into an active mechanism for deepening the meaning
behind each...
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Reports of the death of TV have been greatly
exaggerated. Contrary to predictions that the digital
age would drag people away from TV, we are watching
more TV than ever. Rather than being eroded, people’s
viewing experience is being enriched by social
networks and dedicated social TV apps like Zeebox.
Increasingly, the assumption that a laptop, and a tablet or
mobile are the 'second' and 'third' screens will dissipate.
It will not be enough to simply broadcast a hashtag and
flag a few tweets on the television screen. Telling stories
through multiple screens (and elsewhere) will begin to
supplant the notion...
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An audience will be able to immerse themselves in content
to an extent that suits them. The majority will continue to
consume most TV passively, but those more invested in a
particular program will be able to access and interact with
richer story elements during and between episodes. Unique
story elements in different channels will be integrated with
audience responses and reactions to become part of a
single narrative, which permeates more deeply into
people’s lives.
These interactive trans-media stories will be tailored to the
specific program audience; designed to improve with each
episode and series as the barriers between broadcaster...
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It is no longer up for discussion. Advertisers have now
moved beyond the click and require insight into the
brand impact of their online activity alongside their
click data. In 2012, we saw the introduction of
real-time branding optimization, allowing advertisers
to tweak campaigns on the fly, up-weighting
successful campaign elements and down-weighting
low performers. In 2013, this real-time planning and
reallocation will go mainstream, moving from a 'nice
to have' to an essential feature of digital campaign
delivery and evaluation.
We are seeing growing demand for actionable in-campaign
insight and we are also seeing advertisers reap the
rewards. Brand.net measured...
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Importantly, although some general rules are emerging,
these do not always apply. Macro factors such as industry
and brand status will play a role, but media planners will
also need to consider micro factors such as creative
strength, web site context and frequency effects. There will
be no standard template for campaign planning against a
specific objective. An awareness campaign which just
employs billboards and wallpapers will likely drive
awareness, but the potential negative repercussions on
other brand metrics will need to be considered.
We will see even more innovative and strategic online
planning in 2013, as advertisers strive for a...
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This document is one of a series of guidance notes produced by The National Archives,
giving general advice on issues relating to the preservation and management of
electronic records. It is intended for use by anyone involved in the creation of electronic
records that may need to be preserved over the long term, as well as by those
responsible for preservation.
This guidance note provides information for the creators and managers of electronic
records about the selection of physical storage media in the context of long-term
preservation.
The scope of this guidance note is limited to removable...
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There are many issues to be considered when selecting physical storage media that
extend beyond the immediate and obvious requirements of the situation. This guidance
note should assist data creators to make informed decisions based on the ever-changing
choices available.
The adoption of appropriate storage media for electronic records brings benefits to data
creators, data managers and digital archivists. Selection decisions informed by the criteria
described in this guidance note will greatly enhance the sustainability of the records
created.
...
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SCN, like all plant-parasitic nematodes, is a microscopic
roundworm – a very simple animal, related to the animal-
parasitic roundworms that infect livestock and pets. The
juvenile nematode [top right] is the infective stage of
SCN – the stage that actually enters the soybean root. It
hatches from an egg [right].
The juveniles penetrate soybean roots and cause the for-
mation of specialized feeding cells in the vascular system
(veins) of the roots. If the juveniles become males, they
leave the root after feeding for a few days, move through
the soil, and do not contribute further to plant damage....
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The changes to the spectrum management framework that are presented in the redeployment plan
follow the guiding principles established in the Spectrum Policy 30-896 MHz, Part II, issued in
April, 95 and the consultation with the Radio Advisory Board of Canada. The Department will
use several spectrum management tools, including policy, equipment certification and
authorization provisions, to achieve the redeployment objectives. Also, the plan provides
incentives for voluntary early deployment of more spectrum efficient technologies, i.e., based on
demonstrated need, applicants will be able to use a portion of the spectrum that is freed-up
through early deployment. The Department also foresees that when the new...
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In view of the limited availability of radio frequency spectrum in the land mobile bands
between 100 and 500 MHz in large urban areas of the country, the Department of Industry
initiated in April, 1995, a process leading to a change in the spectrum management
framework for these bands. This change will facilitate the introduction of more spectrum
efficient equipment and systems, leading to increased overall traffic capacity of the bands, as
part of long term solutions in meeting mobile spectrum needs.
The changes to the spectrum management framework that are presented in the redeployment
plan follow the guiding principles established in the Spectrum Policy 30-896...
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In addition to these incentives, the Department is currently developing a new radio licence
fee model, based on spectrum consumption and relative spectrum scarcity. Under the
proposed new model, licensees who adopt spectrum efficient technologies would benefit
from lower licence fees. The new fee model would therefore encourage voluntary early
migration to more spectrum efficient technologies.
The provisions of the present plan will be applicable within congested areas (i.e. areas of
intensive mobile use, where applicants are denied access to spectrum). These provisions may
also be applied to assignments in areas surrounding the congested areas if they are expected
to impact on the availability of...
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The amalgamation of a number of channels is allowed provided the equipment (or the
system) meets the spectrum efficiency criteria set out in the certification section of this
document.
The Department introduces a redeployment plan that will increase spectrum efficiency
in the bands 150 MHz and 450 MHz through the introduction of more spectrum
efficient equipment. The redeployment plan will take place in two phases that will
require a transition to more spectrum efficient equipment to free-up more mobile
spectrum in areas of intensive mobile use where additional mobile users cannot be
accommodated.
In Phase 1, this will be accomplished through specific channel plans, certification and
deployment...
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To conserve spectrum in critical frequency bands, the Department may encourage
appropriate radio systems to be developed in alternate frequency bands and the use
of existing networks to their maximum capacity. Emphasis also will continue to be
placed on efficient spectrum utilization and conservation techniques, if viable, as a
requirement for existing and new services. Priority will be considered for
technologies and systems which are more spectrum efficient.”
Within the context of the Spectrum Policy Framework for Canada, the Department
may also adopt, with appropriate notification, spectrum policies or system standards to
conserve spectrum such as those envisaged in this redeployment plan, for the bands 150
MHz and 450...
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Forty-five days after the publication of this Plan, new systems in areas of high
congestion, subject to local conditions, shall meet the one vc per 12.5 kHz efficiency
standard or equivalent of Phase 1 spectrum efficiency criteria.
In certain circumstances, new systems that make use of equipment not meeting the
spectrum efficiency criteria may be authorized. For example, a new system that
optimizes the use of the existing spectrum environment through vertical loading may
be permitted. Such systems would be considered as any other non-standard system as
per the calendar of events. Furthermore, applications for the expansion of an existing
network or system employing non-spectrum...
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Managing and controlling traffic on ramps is important because freeway
entrance and exit ramps are the only facilities motorists may use to legally
make connections to and from limited access facilities and as such represent
the only locations where traffic entering and exiting a limited access facility can
be controlled. Often, ramps are too closely spaced, do not offer adequate
acceleration distances for posted speeds, or are simply overwhelmed by the
increasing number of motorists that use them on a daily basis. When conditions
like these exist, impacts may develop that affect the efficient and safe operation
of...
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The manner in which safety is improved depends on the type of ramp management
strategy selected. Ramp metering improves safety by breaking up platoons of
vehicles entering the freeway, thereby allowing more orderly and safe interactions
between merging vehicles and freeway mainline vehicles. Ramp closure improves
safety by preventing vehicles from using ramps, where nearby events or activities
pose a safety threat to vehicles. Other strategies improve safety by alerting
motorists of conditions that motorists do not expect, while others reduce conflicts
between through traffic and vehicles that intend to use the ramp. ...
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Tight economic conditions will continue to force the issue of good project portfolio
management. Selection of the right projects and resourcing those projects for success will be
seen as critical to the efficient achievement of an organization’s strategy. Over half of respondents
report frequent use of project portfolio management in their organization, an increase of five
percentage points from the previous survey. According to a 2011 survey on PMI’s The Standard for
Portfolio Management, financial and budget management is the second most important aspect of
portfolio management, after providing “big picture” visibility to executives. ...
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“We purchased a refurbished Siemens
SOMATOM 16-slice CT and my
understanding is that they basically
overhauled the whole unit,” says Paul
Deloia, CEO of Tristan Associates, a
Harrisburg, PA-based group of digital
imaging centers. “They replaced everything
that needed to be replaced and we received
the same warranty as if we bought a new
one. Some vendors just perform cosmetic
changes like painting the unit and don’t
really replace the circuitry and tubes.”
The old adage rings true: knowledge is
power and knowing that the system has
been overhauled by the same manufacturer
that created it, and therefore knows it best,...
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“Whether it’s OEM or third party, the
equipment itself should cost about the
same,” says Tucker. “It’s the service contract
that tends to be different and cost a little
more through the OEM. But for good
reason: a third-party vendor might be a
one- or two-person operation, which means
if your equipment goes down there may be
a delay in service.”
Additional factors to consider if dealing
with a third-party vendor are the vendor’s
inventory supply and how it handles a sale.
As the manufacturer, OEMs typically have
more inventory on hand than third-party
vendors, and are often in contact with...
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The ability to have an upgrade path to new
software and equipment is another benefit
of refurbished OEM equipment. “Although
it’s not normally a consideration for my
customers, there certainly is the potential
to expand and upgrade if you choose
equipment from an OEM,” says Tucker.
Warranties, service and parts availability,
training, and potential upgrade paths – all
form comprehensive after-sale support
designed to help facilities receive optimal
performance and satisfaction from their
purchases. At the end of the day, it’s the
user’s satisfaction with the equipment and
the vendor that makes the difference.
“I have purchased Siemens refurbished
equipment in...
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A guiding principle is that effective control is not the
sole preserve of the health sector but requires collaboration
with various other sectors together with public and private
agencies and institutions. Implementation of this strategy
will require effective public health regulation and legislation,
allied to a strong commitment and concerted action by
the World Health Organization, working in coordination
with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, the United Nations Environment Programme, other
United Nations agencies and donors, and Member States....
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