Tài liệu miễn phí Nông nghiệp

Download Tài liệu học tập miễn phí Nông nghiệp

In-vitro evaluation of some plant leaf extract against coconut leaf spot caused by Pestalotia palmarum (Cooke) in Bastar Plateau of Chhattisgarh

In the present investigation 30 Plant leaf extract were evaluated in in vitro condition against P. palmarum adopting poisoned food technique. The per cent inhibition of pathogen was 100 per cent by Dhatura, Anjwain and Tobacco at 10 per cent concentration followed by the turmeric (95.84), safed musli (90.62), garlic (87.5), hathjodh (86.5), kalmegh (86.46), jetropha (83.34), neem bark (79.18), satavar (78.12), lemongrass (69.81), laung (67.71), ashoka (65.62), aadusa (63.68), karanj bark (63.06), bhringraj (62.5), karanj (62.5), dalchini (61.15), beshram (60.43), brijdanti (57.46), arandi (56.25), neem (54.18), nilgiri (54.18), pattharchatta (52.09), tulsi (46.87), marigold (40.62) and aloevera (40.62) whereas the lowest inhibition was recorded in amari (Gangura) with 36.46 per cent.

8/28/2020 4:29:43 PM +00:00

The “FAMACHA” chart - an alternate to manage haemonchosis in small ruminants – A review article

Development of anthelmintic resistance has made it essential to develop alternative ways of worm control in animals. One of the most promising approaches is to treat only those animals which require attention in terms of worm management. “FAMACHA” method has facilitated quick identification of Haemaonchus contortus infected sheep and goats without the aid of any laboratory procedures and delivers the treatment only to those who require it. The visible signs of anaemia have been exploited as a simple and rapid diagnostic indicator through the development of the “FAMACHA” system, which involves the assessment of the colour of the conjunctival mucous membranes.

8/28/2020 4:29:25 PM +00:00

Production potential of summer greengram [Vigna radiata (L) wilczek] to different nutrient management practices under south Gujarat condition

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2018 at the college farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari to study the “Production potential of summer greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] to different nutrient management practices under south Gujarat condition”. The soil of the experimental field was clayey in texture having medium to poor drainage, low in available nitrogen and organic carbon and medium in available phosphorus and available potassium.

8/28/2020 4:29:19 PM +00:00

Optimum use of nonmonetary inputs for sustainability in agriculture

Natural resources are being consumed at an alarming rate, and the capacity of resources and technologies to satisfy food demand for the growing population remains uncertain. Since agriculture along with its allied sector, is the largest source of livelihood in India having 70% of rural household depending on agriculture as their primary occupation of which 82 % of farmers are small and marginal (FAO, 2019), the use of non monetory inputs by the poor farmers can be quite the most feasible, eco-friendly and climate smart option to preserve the environment and safeguard the natural resources. Non monetory inputs are that locally adaptable cultural operation which helps in getting more yield without any extra cost and whose cost never change with the level of output.

8/28/2020 4:29:07 PM +00:00

Genetic variability among landraces of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Twenty one genotypes including check Krishna were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications during kharif-2017 at research farm of TCA, Dholi for estimation of genetic variability among them. Genotypes varied significantly for all the morpho-physiological characters indicating the presence of considerable variability among the genotypes. Significant bidirectional shift was observed in the mean values as compared to better check, thus provided scope for selection. A close proximity between PCV and GCV indicated strong base of genetic component in phenotypic expression of all the characters under study. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for yield traits suggested the preponderance of additive gene effect in the expression of these characters.

8/28/2020 4:29:01 PM +00:00

Symptomatology and disease intensity of various Pyricularia grisea isolates in different hosts

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop and prone to many diseases out ofwhich, rice blast caused by Pyricularia grisea is of significant economic importance due to its destructive nature leading to serious yield loss. Blast infected leaves of rice, Panicum grass and finger millet were collected from different fields of OUAT farm, Bhubaneswar.

8/28/2020 4:28:55 PM +00:00

Microbial activity as influenced by sunflower residue incorporation, method of establishment and nutrient management of rice in ricegreengram sunflower cropping system in Odisha, India

A field experiment was conducted at main research farm of OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in double split design with 27 treatment combinations and three replications. In main plot sunflower residue was removed in one plot, incorporated in another plot and in third plot no sunflower was grown. In subplot three methods of establishment of rice was taken namely dry direct seeded, wet direct seeded and transplanting method of rice establishment.

8/28/2020 4:28:43 PM +00:00

Induced genetic variability and scope of selection for yield attributes in greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

An experiment was conducted to generate a broad genetic variability through induced mutation using physical and chemical mutagens. Three doses each of gamma rays (20, 40 and 60kR), ethyl methane sulphonate (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%), nitrosoguanidine (0.005, 0.010, and 0.015%), maleic hydrazide (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) and their combinations were administered to the seed of two greengram varieties, Sujata and OBGG-52. In M2 generation most treatment populations exhibited a reduction in population mean and increased in population variance for pods/plant, seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, yield/plant and the magnitude of such changes varied with mutagens, their doses and genotypes. A greater shift in mean and variance was observed in treatments with higher doses. The negative shift of mean was more pronounced in MH and its combined treatments in both varieties.

8/28/2020 4:28:36 PM +00:00

Rainfed evaluation of genotypes for seed yield and yield components in Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata L.)

In agriculture, green manure is created by leaving uprooted or sown crop parts to wither on a field so that they serve as a mulch and soil amendment. The plants used for green manure are often cover crops grown primarily for this purpose.

8/28/2020 4:28:24 PM +00:00

Effect of dietary nano zinc oxide supplementation on haematological parameters, serum biochemical parameters and hepato-renal bio-markers in crossbred calves

To investigate the changes in the haematological, serum biochemical parameters and hepato-renal biomarkers upon dietary supplementation of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) and its effect on growth performance in calves, 24 weaned (6 months age) crossbred calves were randomly distributed to four dietary plans (Control, Treatment1, Treatment2 and Treatment3). The Control(C) group was fed exclusively with basal diet; T1 was supplemented with 25ppm ZnSo4, T2 and T3 with 5ppm and 10ppm nZnO respectively, along with the basal diet. Zinc content in basal was 26.24ppm.

8/28/2020 4:28:18 PM +00:00

Effect of foliar silicic acid on growth, nutrient uptake and blast disease resistance of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.)

Finger millet or ragi is the primary food source for millions of people in tropical dry land regions of Africa and Asia. Two field experiments were conducted to study the genotypic variation for silicon accumulation and the effect of foliar applied silicic acid on growth, nutrient uptake and blast disease resistance of ragi. Study showed a significant varietal variation for Si accumulation with an average Si content of 1.67 % in the above ground part.

8/28/2020 4:28:12 PM +00:00

Hematological alterations in cisplatin induced toxicity in rats and its amelioration by Andrographis paniculata

Cisplatin (CP) is considered one of the most effective and widely used anti-neoplastic drug in the treatment of different solid organ tumors. The present study was carried out to assess the hematological changes following CP administration in Wistar albino rats and its amelioration by extract of Andrographis paniculata (AP). The study included 60 Wistar albino rats were divided into 12 rats in each group. Group I served as normal control group.

8/28/2020 4:28:06 PM +00:00

Physiological determinants and yield components as influenced by high density planting system in cotton

High density planting system have the potential for increased yields in high yielding, high input production systems. To attain higher yields in high density planting system in cotton relative to conventional spaced cotton must depend on increased biomass production or partitioning to boll.

8/28/2020 4:28:00 PM +00:00

Estimation of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for yield and its components under protected structure

The present investigation was under taken with the objectives to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield contributing components of cucumber. The experimental materials for this investigation were fourteen genotypes of cucumber consisting of parthenocarpic, gynoecious and monecious germplasms crossed in line × tester mating design produced thirty three hybrids (F1). Thirty three F1 crosses along with their parents were evaluated in two environments viz. Environment 1 (March-June), Environment 2 (AugustDecember) inside polyhouse for evaluation of their quantitative characters. The genotypes exhibited significant differences for all the traits under study in both environments. The genotypic coefficients of variation and phenotypic coefficients of variation were moderate to high for most of the characters.

8/28/2020 4:27:54 PM +00:00

Detection of bovine papillomavirus in cutaneous lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cattle

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) causes benign tumours in the mucosal and cutaneous epithelium and is characterized by the presence of warts. The present study includes the molecular identification of BPV strains in samples of warts using degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers FAP59/64. Wart samples were collected from the cattle having typical lesions on various parts of the body. The present study showed that PCR amplification with the primers FAP59/64, which partially amplify the L1 gene and showed the 470bp amplicon size, indicating BPV. The results in this study are important for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic measures that contribute to reducing the economic losses associated with BPV.

8/28/2020 4:27:48 PM +00:00

Influence of P levels and PSB seed treatment on productivity of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) under phosphorus rich acid soils

A field experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture, Navile, Shivamogga during kharif 2016 to study the response of maize to different phosphorus (P) levels with and without PSB seed treatment. The P levels were 0, 30, 45, 60 and 75 kg P2O5 per ha-1 with and without PSB seed treatment were tried in a randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments.

8/28/2020 4:27:42 PM +00:00

Field survey on extent of adoption of improved dairy husbandry techniques in Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India

The present study was carried out in Erode district of Tamil Nadu to find out the extent of adoption of improved dairy husbandry techniques. A random sample of 300 dairy animal owners were selected and extent of adoption of improved dairy husbandry techniques in six major aspects of housing, feeding, breeding, health care, milking and calf rearing management was studied.

8/28/2020 4:27:36 PM +00:00

Effect of weather parameters on intensity of early blight of tomato

The early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a severe constraint in tomato production and the disease intensity has been increasing day by day for the last few years in India due to changes in the environment. The field experiment was carried out to understand the development of early blight on tomato with respect to weather conditions during kharif 2018-19 at AAU, Anand.

8/28/2020 4:27:30 PM +00:00

Development and evaluation of manually operated seed-cum-fertilizer drill for Ragi sowing

Finger millet or Ragi is one of the most important minor millet abundantly grown in southern parts of Karnataka. It plays a significant role in livelihood of small and marginal farmers in Ramanagara district of Karnataka, South India. Farmers generally follow traditional sowing method in Ragi using bullock drawn seed drill where uniformity in spacing and depth cannot be maintained. Quantity of seeds required for sowing is also more in this traditional method. On the other hand, line sowing of Ragi is more accurate to save seed, maintaining plant population and to reduce the cost of sowing, weeding & thinning. Therefore, a simple manually drawn three-row seed-cum-fertilizer drill for Ragi sowing was developed at KVK, Ramanagara and evaluated at farmers field conditions. Results revealed that, it ensured uniform germination and proper crop stand and facilitated other post sowing operations like weeding, thinning, plant protection measures, irrigation and harvesting of Ragi crop. The developed seed drill had 94.5 percent field efficiency, has reduced 65 percent of cost in sowing and 50 percent reduction in labour dependency compared to traditional method of sowing.

8/28/2020 4:27:24 PM +00:00

Performance of rice under integrated nutrient management: A review

Excessive application of chemical fertilizers to attain higher yield has not only reduced the nutrient use efficiency but has also adversely affected the soil productivity and environmental stability. For this reason, immediate conversion to organic farming would drastically reduce production at initial phases which is of major concern to feed the growing population. This article is written with prime focus to notify on the yield variability under different integrated nutrient management approaches from research conducted worldwide. Organic manures like farmyard manure (FYM), green leaf manure (GLM), vermicompost (VC) and poultry manure (PM) are prioritized due to local availability with integration with inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of rice.

8/28/2020 4:27:18 PM +00:00

Effect of biofertilizers and split application of vermicompost on productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop in clay loam soils

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive rabi (winter) seasons during 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the Instructional Farm of RCA, Udaipur, Rajasthan to study the effect of biofertilizers and split application of vermicompost on productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestiuvm. L.).

8/28/2020 4:27:06 PM +00:00

Evaluation of tomato germplasm against early blight under epiphytotic conditions

Tomato is one of the most extensively cultivated vegetables and is a rich source of nutrients such as vitamins, antioxidants and minerals for a balanced human diet. World over, early blight (EB) caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer is limiting tomato production and causes great losses. In total, 350 tomato genotypes from ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR), New Delhi were evaluated for early blight resistance under epiphytotic conditions at ICARIndian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasi.

8/28/2020 4:27:00 PM +00:00

Big data: A tool for agriculture as industry 4.0

In this paper role big data in agriculture as an emerging tool for transforming agriculture as Industry 4.0 is reviewed, discussed and finally its challenges and limitations are listed.

8/28/2020 4:26:54 PM +00:00

Integrated disease management of rhizoctonia root rot of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) incited by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn in vivo

Study carried out of this disease over a period of time revealed that Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn affects the yield severely whenever it occurs at any stage of the crop. In spite chemical measures like copper oxy chloride is recommended based on the previous studies on Rhizoctonia spp., the new fungicides need to be evaluated to find out the effective and economic fungitoxicants with which the disease can be controlled. Keeping in mind the seriousness of the disease, it was planned to elucidate the biocontrol and fungicidal capacity as soil and seed treatment against the pathogen, R. solani and also to evolve suitable management strategies to prevent the losses incurred due to Rhizoctonia root rot of chilli.

8/28/2020 4:26:48 PM +00:00

An overview of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice and different strategies for its management

Rice crop accounts for nearly a third of the total area under food grains in India and is the staple food for a significant portion of the world‟s population. Widely varying factors influence the growth of rice in different rice growing areas and render the crop susceptible to various pathogenic and non-pathogenic diseases, resulting in extensive damage of grain and straw yield. Bacterial leaf blight disease of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a serious menace to rice production in India, besides other rice producing countries. Elaborate studies have been conducted on the genetics of host-pathogen interaction of BLB and exploitation of host resistance to combat the disease. This article comprehensively reviews the etiology, symptomatology, pathogen biology, disease development, disease cycle, epidemics and epidemiology, geographical distribution and strategies for the disease management viz., exploitation of host plant resistance, cultural, physical, chemical and biological control.

8/28/2020 4:26:42 PM +00:00

Adverse effects of chromium, cadmium and zinc on the growth and metabolic activities of pulse crops and their key management strategies: A review

Pulse crops are an integral part of Indian agricultural economy next to the cereals and oilseeds in terms of production, productivity and economic value. These crops are richest source of protein and energy but in India such crops are largely cultivated under energy starved and polluted conditions, resulting affecting the metabolic activity and limiting the yield. Agricultural soil contaminated by heavy metals becomes a severe environmental issue in this day due to its potential adverse ecological effects. Crop plants faced oxidative stress upon exposure to heavy metals and metalloids which leads to cellular damage. Chromium, Cadmium and Zinc are widely used in industrial purpose and considered as very dangerous environmental pollutants that contaminates soil and water.

8/28/2020 4:26:30 PM +00:00

Small scale protected cultivation for off-season vegetables: A promising option for Terai farmers towards income generation

To evaluate the prospect of small-scale protected cultivation unit in homestead areas for growing off-season vegetables, low-cost bamboo made structures were constructed at Dhalaguri and Uttar Chokowakheti villages in the sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal, India. Five crops, namely, cucumber, capsicum, coriander leaf, spinach beet and cauliflower were grown in different seasons during the period 2016-17.

8/28/2020 4:26:24 PM +00:00

Prospects of allelopathic weed management in rice-wheat cropping system - A review

Rotation of rice-wheat cropping system is most popular in India due to its high productivity; however, these crops are highly infested by the varied weeds, thus farmers use various herbicides for their control. Resulting, this rotation consumes a large quantity of herbicides, which has resulted in severe problems like environmental and human health hazards; development of herbicide resistance in weeds etc.

8/28/2020 4:26:12 PM +00:00

Effect of graded levels of sulphur as magnesium sulphate on yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) in red and lateritic soils of West Bengal, India

Onion is a very important commercial vegetable crop in the kitchens of India. Sulphur is an important nutrient that affects the yield and quality of onion. Keeping this in view an experiment was conducted to study the effect of graded levels of sulphur on yield and quality of onion at Horticultural Research Farm of Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, India.

8/28/2020 4:25:54 PM +00:00

Enhancing the vase life of Cut Rose cv. top secret using sucrose and other chemical preservatives

An experiment was conducted to find out the best preservative solution for enhancing the vase life of cut rose cv. Top Secret. Nine different combinations of sucrose, Al2SO4, AgNO3 and 8-HQC including control(distilled water) were taken to study the vase life and those were T1: Control,T2: 2%Sucrose +200ppm Al2SO4,T3: 4%Sucrose + 200ppm Al2SO4,T4: 2%Sucrose + 50ppm AgNO3, T5: 4%Sucrose + 50ppm AgNO3,T6: 2%Sucrose + 200ppm Al2SO4 + 300ppm 8- HQC,T7: 4% Sucrose + 200ppm Al2SO4 + 300ppm 8-HQC,T8: 2% Sucrose + 50ppm AgNO3 + 300ppm 8 HQC,T9: 4%Sucrose + 50ppm AgNO3 + 300ppm 8- HQC. The study revealed that the treatment T6 increased the water uptake, fresh weight in percentage basis and diameter of the flower and also taken maximum number of days (9days) for fully opening of flower.

8/28/2020 4:25:47 PM +00:00