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- Expert Reference Series of White Papers
CCNA vs. ICND:
Where Should You
Begin?
1-800-COURSES www.globalknowledge.com
- CCNA vs. ICND:
Where Should You Begin?
Rick Chapin, Global Knowledge Instructor
Introduction
This document is intended to help students determine whether or not they are ready to take our CCNA Boot
Camp. Whether they are ready to start the CCNA curriculum or need a basic network fundamentals foundation
first, this white paper can help them determine which path is right and how to begin each. Since students
have varying degrees of knowledge, this paper is only intended as a “knowledge check” as to what additional
training may be needed in order to attend our ICND1, ICND2, or CCNA Boot Camp. This document is not
intended to be used as a final judgment of the student’s abilities or knowledge, but rather it is an overview of
how a student can determine and develop his or her right path to success.
This paper is divided into three sections. The first section, Types of Assessments, shows you the different
tests available to help you determine into which level of CCNA aptitude you fall. The next two sections address
the two types of levels students fall into: entry-level and CCNA-level. These last two sections:
1. Set the expectations of student knowledge for the course or courses taken
2. Discuss types of students, needs, and experience levels (qualifying the experience level and matching
to either the CCNA Boot Camp or ICND1 and ICND2
3. Explain the CCNA Boot Camp pre-work, post-work, and extended hours
4. Discuss the CCNA Boot Camp pre-assessment test and how to access the test
5. Discuss the standard Global Knowledge Pre-Assessment Test
6. Explain the value of using a blended-learning approach, combining Virtual Classroom E-Learning
(VCeL ), Self-Paced e-Learning (SPeL), and instructor-led classroom formats
7. Provide recommendations when students feels that their networking experience or knowledge is not
adequate enough for the CCNA Boot Camp or ICND courses.
8. Next steps students can take after completing the ICND courses or CCNA Boot Camp
Types of Assessments
There are many types of assessments students can use to determine into which level of student they fall. The
following are some of the assessment tools Global Knowledge employs.
Self-Assessment Questions
These types of questions are useful at the start of the assessment procedure and should not be used as a final
judgment of anyone’s abilities. They help a potential student begin thinking about what he or she understands
about networking and how much additional knowledge is needed before beginning training. The following is a
list of self-assessment questions we recommend asking. Answers can be found at the end of this white paper.
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 2
- 1. What is an IP Packet used for?
2. What does an ICMP provide?
3. ARPs provide which type of information?
4. How many classes are there for IPv4 addresses?
5. Why do we need Subnetting?
6. What does a Subnet Mask do?
7. What is the difference between Static and Dynamic Routing?
8. For what is a WAN connection needed?
9. What is the difference between User and Privilege modes on a Router?
10. The configuration file is stored in which location on the Switch?
If you do not know the answers to the questions above or do not understand what is being asked, a basic net-
working class would be your next appropriate step.
Global Knowledge – Mentoring Assessment Testing System (MATS)
Global Knowledge provides online assessment tests to help determine your knowledge level. The following
address will link to those assessments:
http://db.globalknowledge.com/test/setDir.asp
Tests Available on the Global Knowledge Web Site
The tests listed in the following chart are also available to help assess the starting point for a student’s train-
ing and/or certification path.
Length Number of
Test Name (minutes) Questions
Networking – Network Management 15 10
Cisco – CCNA Boot Camp Skills Check 60 20
Microsoft – IT Skills 60 20
Management Pre-Assessment Quiz 60 26
Business Analysis Quiz 60 20
Networking – Understanding Networking Fundamentals Pre-Assessment Test 60 30
Networking – TCP/IP Networking Pre-Assessment Test 60 20
Wireless Networking I: Integration and Troubleshooting Pre-Assessment Test 30 15
Telephony – Telecommunications Fundamentals Pre-Assessment Test 60 20
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 3
- Cisco – CCNA Boot Camp Skills Check
This test consists of 20 questions that provide basic knowledge checks. Someone passing this test should be
able to complete our CCNA Boot Camp. It’s also important for the student to evaluate whether he or she is
ready to attend a course that is 10 – 12 hours long and taught in a fast-paced environment with minimal time
for lab work. If a student fails this test, he or she should take the Networking – Understanding
Networking Fundamentals Pre-Assessment Test and/or the Networking – TCP/IP Networking
Pre-assessment Test.
Networking – Understanding Networking Fundamentals
This test consists of 30 questions that provide basic networking knowledge checks. Someone passing this test
should be able to handle Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices 1 (ICND1) or our Cisco Certified Entry
Network Technician eCamp (CCENT eCamp). Potential students should determine whether or not they want to
review the basic Cisco material (CCENT) or go directly to ICND 1. If a student does not pass this test, he or she
should attend our Understanding Networking Fundamentals course and reading through some of our related
white papers posted at www.globalknowledge.com/knowledgecenter.
Networking – TCP/IP Networking
This test consists of 20 questions that test TCP/IP networking knowledge. Someone passing this test should
be able to complete ICND1 and/or ICND2. Students should determine their knowledge level of configuring
Cisco Router and Switch devices before going to ICND2. But most of the information needed is in ICND1. If a
student fails this test, he or she should considering taking either our TCP/IP Networking course, our CCENT
eCamp, purchasing a TCP/IP reference book, and/or reading through some of our related white papers.
25 Test Questions
These CCNA-level questions help assess whether or not you have a higher level of networking knowledge. They
are considered CCNA-level questions. Answers to these questions can be found at the end of this white paper.
1. Determination of best path is the function of which OSI layer?
a. Physical
b. Datalink
c. Application
d. Network
e. Transport
2. Which of the following are benefits of the layered OSI model? (choose 3)
a. Simplifies learning
b. Helps programmers write more efficient applications
c. Requires new technologies to create updates for each layer
d. Reduces complexity by breaking network communications into smaller simpler parts
e. Facilitates modular engineering, which helps to accelerate updates and improvements while
continuing to provide interoperability
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 4
- 3. Which of the following are characteristics of IP? (choose 2)
a. Connection-oriented connectivity
b. One-way datagram service
c. Best effort delivery
d. Windowing
e. Flow control
4. Which of the following are not characteristics of TCP? (choose 2)
a. Session multiplexing
b. Flow control
c. Datagram service
d. Connection oriented
e. Unreliable
5. In order for successful transmission at Layer 2, communication must take place:
a. In different subnets
b. In the same collision domain
c. In the same broadcast domain
d. In the same autonomous system
e. Through a router
6. Which of the following statements best describes the ARP cache for IP communications?
a. Only Routers and L3 Switches maintain ARP Caches
b. Only L2 Switches maintain ARP cache
c. Only Routers maintain ARP caches
d. All Routers, Servers, and Clients maintain ARP Caches
e. ARP cache is a function of all Layer 2 devices, including switches and bridges
7. The 802.2 protocol defines:
a. The IEEE standard for Ethernet
b. The IEEE standard for Token Ring
c. A standard that tells the DataLink layer what to do when it receives a frame
d. A star or bus topology at the Datalink layer
e. The original Ethernet Frame Format
8. Crossover cables are required when connecting: (choose 3)
a. Router to a Switch
b. PC to a Switch
c. Switch to Switch
d. Router to Router
e. PC to Router
9. An excessive number of late collisions is an indication of:
a. A bad port
b. Port security violation
c. Excessive broadcasts
d. Duplex mismatch
e. Wrong VLAN
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 5
- 10. Spanning tree uses which of the following to choose a loop-free topology: (choose 3)
a. Bridge ID
b. Hop count
c. Cost
d. Port ID
e. Bandwidth and Delay
11. A PC is configured with the following information: IP address 179.42.1.86; mask 255.255.255.248;
Default Gateway 179.42.1.89; DNS 179.42.1.82. It cannot communicate with a server “www.myserv-
er.com”, which has a configured IP address of 179.42.1.81/29. All physical connections are through
switches. Which of the following could be potential problems: (choose 2)
a. Incorrect default gateway address
b. Incorrect DNS address
c. Router is not configured with a dynamic routing protocol
d. Switch ports have misconfigured VLANS
e. Incorrect default gateway configured on server
12. What is the directed broadcast for the devices in a subnet that includes a PC with the IP address
208.208.208.208/27?
a. 208.208.208.223
b. 208.208.208.255
c. 208.208.208.215
d. 208.208.208.211
e. 208.208.208.209
13. Given the IP address 174.111.111.11 255.255.252.0, which of the following could be valid addresses
for a default gateway: (choose 3)
a. 174.111.111.0
b. 174.111.108.1
c. 174.110.111.1
d. 174.111.112.1
e. 174.111.110.255
14. Which command configures the console session timeout for 10.5 minutes?
a. Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 10 30
b. Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 10.5
c. Router(config)#console-timeout 10 30
d. Router(config-line)session-time 10.5
e. Router(config)#console session 10.5
15. The following output is on a serial interface: Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is down. This is an
indication that:
a. No Keepalives were received
b. No cable plugged in
c. The wrong encapsulation was set
d. There is a duplex mismatch
e. The interface has a hardware failure
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 6
- 16. Dynamic-routing protocols use which of the following to determine best path?
a. Administrative distance
b. Metric
c. Next-Hop
d. Weight
e. Tag
17. Which of the following characterize the WAN? (choose 2)
a. Usually use requires outside service providers
b. Usually used to connect buildings in the campus
c. Usually owned and operated by the enterprise
d. Usually connect wide geographic areas
e. Usually are limited to point-to-point
18. Which of the following is true:
a. NAT allows a company to hide its internal addressing by translating many inside local addresses to
a single outside global
b. PAT allows a company to hide its internal addressing by translating many inside local addresses to
a single outside global
c. NAT allows a company to hide its internal addressing by translating many inside local addresses to
an outside global pool
d. PAT allows a company to hide its internal addressing by translating many inside local addresses to
a single inside global
e. NAT and PAT allows a company to hide its internal addressing by translating many inside global
addresses to either an outside global pool or a single outside global addresses
19. Which of the following is the default memory location where the Cisco router stores the
initial configuration:
a. TFTP
b. RAM
c. NVRAM
d. FLASH
e. ROM
20. A VLAN can be best categorized as: (choose 2)
a. Collision domain
b. Broadcast domain
c. VTP domain
d. IP subnet
e. Security domain
21. Which of the following are features supported only with classless routing protocols: (choose 3)
a. Classful auto-summarization
b. VLSM
c. Support for discontiguous subnets
d. FLSM
e. CIDR
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 7
- 22. How many additional subnets can be created by further subnetting 132.10.24.32/27 with a mask
of 255.255.255.252?
a. 6
b. 8
c. 14
d. 16
e. 32
23. IPv6 does not support which of the following address types?
a. Broadcast
b. Multicast
c. Global unicast
d. Link local
e. Anycast
24. The address 2001:0000:0001:1000:0000:0000:0000:ABCD/64 can be simplified best by:
a. 2001::0001:1000:0:0:0:0:ABCD/64
b. 2001:0:1:1000::ABCD/64
c. 2001::1:1::ABCD/64
d. 2001:0:1:1::ABCD/64
e. 2001:0:0001:1::ABCD/64
25. Which of the following are required components of the routing table relative to forwarding
data? (choose 2)
a. Metric
b. Next-hop address
c. Routing protocol
d. Administrative distance
e. Outbound interface
Entry-Level Students
This section addresses those students who would be considered entry-level. They are defined as:
1. Students with little or no Cisco experience who some basic networking knowledge or are new to the
networking field, who may be changing jobs and in need of networking-related training, or who are in
the networking field and have not performed networking duties recently
2. Students who can pass the Pre-Assessment tests for Networking – Understanding Networking
Fundamentals and/or Networking – TCP/IP Networking.
Throughout this section, the following information will be addressed:
1. Expectations of student's level of knowledge prior to taking the course or courses
2. Types of students, needs, and experience levels to attend ICND1 and ICND2
3. The value of leveraging a blended-learning approach, combining Virtual Classroom E-Learning (VCeL )
or Self-Paced e-Learning (SPeL) courses such as our CCENT e-Camp or ICND1 and ICND2 with an
instructor-led, classroom format
4. Recommendations for students who feel their overall network experience or knowledge is not ade-
quate for the ICND courses and what they can do
5. Which course(s) can be follow-ons to ICND1 and ICND 2
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 8
- A student who matches the above criteria would be considered entry-level for networking knowledge. This also
could include students who have difficulty working in a fast-paced environment. They might benefit more from
working through the material at a slower, more relaxed pace.
Each of our ICND1 and ICND2 courses run for five days and last seven hours each day with morning, lunch,
and afternoon breaks. Labs are interweaved with the lecture to aid in learning and to invoke questions. Both
course materials and labs are easy to follow, as the course uses a relaxed paced. These courses provide real-
world experience with little emphasis on the CCNA certification.
Blended-Learning Options
Global Knowledge has three type of learning methods available: SPeL; VCeL; and traditional classroom, which
can be delivered at one of our training centers or to an entire team at the location of its choice. These options
offer flexibility to students and allow them to take advantage of a blended-learning approach. A student
should look at the option of taking some SPeL classes prior to the ICND1 and ICND2 courses to boost his or
her networking knowledge. SPeL courses offer the same superior content as our instructor-led training, with
delivery available via CD-ROM or the Internet. Some courses that are available as a prerequisite for ICND1 and
ICND2 are CCENT e-Camp, TCP/IP Networking, and Understanding Networking Fundamentals. These courses
are also available in a classroom format. For students who cannot get away from the office, Global Knowledge
also offers these courses in a VCeL format. VCeL is a great way to learn without having to travel, but a student
must be committed to doing the lab work and readings on their own and without the assistance of an instruc-
tor or lab partner.
Recommended Next Steps
Once a student has completed the ICND1 and ICND2 courses, he or she should consider the CCNP curriculum,
because most advanced courses require additional knowledge in Routing or Switching. Of course, students
should evaluate what their job requirements are and what they want to pursue as a networking path. BSCI –
Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (Routing) or BCMSN – Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks
(Switching) are the building blocks for most of the advance courses.
CCNA-Level Students
This section addresses students who would be considered CCNA-level. They are defined as:
1. Students with Cisco experience who have good-to-excellent networking knowledge, 3 – 6 months
working in networking field, and hands-on configuration experience with Cisco devices, or someone
whose CCNA has expired
2. Students who can pass the Cisco – CCNA Boot Camp Skills Check
Throughout this section, the following will be addressed:
1. Expectations of student prior to taking course
2. CCNA Boot Camp pre-work, post-work, and extended hours
3. CCNA Boot Camp Pre-Assessment Test and how to access the test
4. The value from leveraging a blended-learning approach for the CCNA Boot Camp
5. Which course(s) can be follow-ons to CCNA
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 9
- A student who matches the above criteria would be considered to have CCNA-level networking knowledge.
They should be able to begin the CCNA Pre-Class Activity (explained later) and pass the Post-Assessment Test.
Students can expect the course materials and labs for our CCNA Boot Camp to be delivered at an accelerated
paced. Essentially, ICND1 and ICND2 have been combined into one Boot Camp that consists of 10 – 12-hour
days, with questions limited to course materials and shortened lab time due to the expected experience level
of students. There is a Pre-Class Activity component and a Post-Class Activity component to assist the student
in learning, as well as a certification process.
Blended-Learning Approach
Global Knowledge has instituted a blended-learning approach for the CCNA Boot Camp by creating a Pre-
Class Activity prerequisite that the student should take prior to attending the Boot Camp. This component is
delivered via SPeL. The Boot Camp component is delivered via classroom and the Post-Class Activity is done at
the student's own pace.
CCNA Boot Camp Program Overview
Figure 1 provides an overview of Global Knowledge's CCNA Boot Camp program. Students should follow the
program to gain maximum benefit from the training. This innovative CCNA Boot Camp program provides stu-
dents with the best learning structure for preparing for and attending the Boot Camp and passing the CCNA
exam. The Pre-Class Activity better prepares the student for the Boot Camp by providing a solid, basic-net-
working foundation. (More information about the Pre-Class Activity is provided in the next subsection). Once
the student finishes the Pre-class Activity, he or she can proceed to the Boot Camp. After taking the Boot
Camp, the student will be given 10 e-Lab credits. Students can use these credits to take any 10 related Global
Knowledge labs they feel would help them best prepare for CCNA test.
Figure 1. A Chart of the CCNA Boot Camp Program Overview.
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 10
- CCNA Boot Camp Pre-Class Activity
Figure 2 shows the CCNA Pre-Activity that students access prior to attending the CCNA Boot Camp. Students
benefit from the self-paced, pre-class study in this component, as they are able to properly prepare for the
CCNA Boot Camp. As Figure 2 illustrates, students are take an assessment test that provides feedback on
which fundamental network areas should be reviewed. Once the test is completed, the student is provided
with 10 hours of entry-level material that will help prepare them for the fast-paced CCNA Boot Camp format.
After the pre-work course material is reviewed, a post-assessment test is administered that allows the student
to evaluate their new knowledge. If a student does not pass the post-assessment test with an 85% or better,
feedback is provided as to which information should be reviewed again.
>85%
<
10 hours of
>85%
material to get
ready for the
CCNA Boot
Camp
Figure 2. A Chart of the CCNA Pre-Class Activity.
Recommended Next Steps
Once CCNA Boot Camp students have finished the course, it is recommended that they consider the CCNP cur-
riculum next, because most advanced courses require additional knowledge in Routing or Switching. As with
entry-level students, CCNA-level students need to evaluate what their job requirements are and what they
want to pursue as a networking path. BSCI – Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (Routing) or BCMSN –
Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (Switching) are the building blocks for most of the advance
courses. Also, since these students were able to survive the CCNA Boot Camp, they might consider taking our
CCNP e-Camp, which offers a complete solution of all the courseware and hands-on training needed to pre-
pare for the CCNP certification exams.
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 11
- Conclusion
The CCNA Boot Camp is an intensive and fast-paced course, and the CCNA exam is not for networking
novices. Students should determine whether or not they are ready for the CCNA Boot Camp before the first
day of class. By taking our assessments, students should be able to find themselves on the right path. And, by
taking advantage of our blended-learning approach to training and innovative pre-class activities, students
should be better prepared for both the CCNA Boot Camp and the CCNA Exam.
Learn More
Learn more about how you can improve productivity, enhance efficiency, and sharpen your competitive edge.
Check out the following Global Knowledge courses:
CCNA Boot Camp v2.0
ICND1 – Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices 1
ICND2 – Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices 2
For more information or to register, visit www.globalknowledge.com or call 1-800-COURSES to speak with a
sales representative.
Our courses and enhanced, hands-on labs offer practical skills and tips that you can immediately put to use.
Our expert instructors draw upon their experiences to help you understand key concepts and how to apply
them to your specific work situation. Choose from our more than 700 courses, delivered through Classrooms,
e-Learning, and On-site sessions, to meet your IT and management training needs.
About the Author
Rick Chapin has worked for Global Knowledge since 1996. He teaches a variety of Cisco classes for Global
Knowledge, including INTRO, ICND, CCNA Boot Camp, CIT, BSCI, BCMSN, BCRAN, BGP, and Voice classes. Rick
works with the Global Knowledge Remote Labs Team, developing and supporting the remote lab infrastruc-
ture, and he is one of Global Knowledge’s Cisco subject matter experts (SME) for the sales and marketing
teams. His real-world experience includes working with large companies such as Digital Equipment
Corporation, Control Data Corporation, IRS, NASA, EPA, and Cisco Systems.
Answers to the Self-Assessment Questions
1. To transmit information from one networked host to another networked host. IP is the mechanism that is
used to route the information from one location to another. An example of what would be used in an IP
Packet is the Source and Destination network addresses.
2. The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It
is chiefly used by networked computers' operating systems to send error messages indicating, for instance,
that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached.
3. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the standard method for finding a host's hardware address when only
its network layer address is known. This is a broadcast-based protocol and does not pass outside of the
local broadcast domain.
4. There are 5 classes of addresses for IPv4. They are Class A, B, C, D, and E. Class A, B, and C are used for the
Network/Host addressing. Class D is used for Multicast, and Class E is reserved.
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 12
- 5. Subnetting allows the network to be divided logically regardless of the physical layout of a network, since
it is possible to divide a physical network into several subnets by configuring different host computers to
use different routers. Also, subnetting simplifies routing, since each locally connected subnet is typically
represented by one row in the routing tables in each connected router.
6. A subnet mask is used to determine which subnet an IP address belongs to by defining which portion of
the IP Address is for networking and which portion is for the host address.
7. Static routing is a route that is created and maintained manually and will not change as the network
changes. Dynamic routing is a routing protocol that will create and maintain the routing information data-
base and change the information in the database as the network changes.
8. A WAN connection is needed for communication outside of the Local Area Network. A WAN is needed
when connecting to devices that cannot be physical attached by a local cable.
9. User mode provides read-only access to the Router or Switch. User mode commands are considered non-
destructive commands. Privilege mode provides read/write access to the Router or Switch. Privilege mode
commands are considered destructive type commands.
10. The configuration file is stored in NVRAM.
Answers to the 25 Test Questions
1. d
2. a, d, e
3. b, c
4. c, e
5. c
6. d
7. c
8. c, d, e
9. d
10. a, c, d
11. b, d
12. a
13. a, b, e
14. a
15. c
16. b
17. a, d
18. d
19. c
20. b, d
21. b, c, e
22. d
23. a
24. b
25. b, e
Copyright ©2008 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 13
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