Vocabulary & Spelling

British Tradition Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling, British Tradition Care has been taken to verify the accuracy of information presented in this book. However, the authors, editors, and publisher cannot accept responsibility for Web, e-mail, newsgroup, or chat room subject matter or content, or for consequences from application of the information in this book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to its content. Trademarks: Some of the product names and company names included in this book have been used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trade names of their respective manufacturers and sellers. The authors, editors, and publisher disclaim any affiliation, association, or connection with, or sponsorship or endorsement by, such owners. Cover Image Credits: Scene, © John Kelly/Getty Images; plaque art, Rolin Graphics, Inc. ISBN 978-0-82194-373-1 © 2009 by EMC Publishing, LLC 875 Montreal Way St. Paul, MN 55102 E-mail: educate@emcp.com Web site: www.emcp.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be adapted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Teachers using Mirrors & Windows: Connecting with Literature, British Tradition may photocopy complete pages in sufficient quantities for classroom use only and not for resale. Printed in the United States of America 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Unit 1: Word Study Skills and Word Origins Lesson 1: Word Study Notebook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Lesson 2: Word Study Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Lesson 3: PAVE—Predict Associate, Verify, Evaluate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Lesson 4: Anglo-Saxon Word Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Lesson 5: Old English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Time Out for Test Practice: Words of Anglo-Saxon Origin. . . . . . . . . . .11 Unit 2: Word Origins Lesson 6: Middle English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Lesson 7: Greek and Latin Root Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Lesson 8: British English vs. American English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Time Out for Test Practice: Words of French, Latin, and Greek Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Unit 3: Word Parts and Spelling Lesson 9: Word Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Lesson 10: High-Frequency Spelling Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Lesson 11: Pronunciation and Spelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Time Out for Test Practice: Recognizing Word Parts and Spelling Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Unit 4: Context Clues and Syntax Lesson 12: Inferential Context Clues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Lesson 13: Using Context Clues in Your Own Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Lesson 14: Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Time Out for Test Practice: Context Clues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Unit 5: Evolution of Language Lesson 15: Current Events Words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Lesson 16: Compound Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Lesson 17: Allusions and Eponyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Time Out for Test Practice: Compound Words and Eponyms. . . . . . . .42 © EMC Publishing, LLC Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling Br TradiTion iii Unit 6: Word Usage Lesson 18: Common Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Lesson 19: Clichés . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Lesson 20: Contractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Time Out for Test Practice: Vocabulary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Unit 7: Determining Meaning Lesson 21: Homophones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Lesson 22: Synonyms and Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Lesson 23: Connotation and Denotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Lesson 24: Literal versus Figurative Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Time Out for Test Practice: Idioms, Colloquialisms, and Hyperbolic Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Unit 8: Classifying Words and Semantic Families Lesson 25: Classifying Words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Lesson 26: Civics Connection—Economic Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Lesson 27: Political and Historical Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Lesson 28: Civics Connection—Legal Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Time Out for Test Practice: Economic, Political, and Legal Words . . . .66 Unit 9: Semantic Families and Expanding Word Knowledge Lesson 29: Math and Science Words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Lesson 30: Technology Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Lesson 31: Weird Words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Lesson 32: Expanding Word Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Time Out for Test Practice: Math, Science, and Technology Words and Using Context Clues to Unlock Weird Words. . . . . . . . .75 Answer Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 iv Br TradiTion Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling © EMC Publishing, LLC Introduction The Exceeding the Standards resource books provide in-depth language arts instruction to enrich students’ skills development beyond the level of meeting the standards. Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling offers meaningful ways to incorporate word study into the language arts classroom. Vocabulary & Spelling presents thirty-two lessons, designed to be used weekly, that cover a broad range of topics from etymology to context clues to spelling patterns. These lessons are aligned with the units of the Mirrors & Windows: Connecting with Literature program and may be used alone or as supplements to the Vocabulary & Spelling workshops in the Student Edition. Each lesson incorporates words from selections in the corresponding unit of the textbook. By using these lessons in conjunction with the literature program, you will help your students become better readers, writers, speakers, and spellers. Each lesson in Vocabulary & Spelling includes the following components: • A Word of the Week, selected from the corresponding textbook unit, highlights a word that students may find particularly meaningful or interesting. • Grammar instruction on one or more topics is followed by a Try It Yourself section that allows students to practice what they are learning. • Just For Fun activities encourage students to play with words, reminding them that language can be fun and interesting. • Tip boxes in the margin throughout the lesson clarify definitions, offer additional information, and give helpful suggestions. • A Time Out for Test Practice at the end of each unit provides students with the opportunity to assess what they have learned and to practice test-taking skills by answering sample standardized test questions in a multiple-choice format. It is essential that vocabulary instructions include a variety of strategies to develop students’ word-study skills. Lessons in Vocabulary & Spelling provide many different ways of exploring and studying words, word parts, semantic families, and spelling patterns and rules. Activating students’ prior knowledge of words and of essential concepts related to words helps students make associations between new terms and words they already know. The activities in Vocabulary & Spelling will help you actively engage students in working with words. As their curiosity about word exploration grows, your students will become increasingly confident in their ability to attack, learn, and experiment with new words. Related Program Resources For more vocabulary and spelling instruction, including charts of common prefixes, suffixes, and word roots, refer to the Mirrors & Windows Student Edition Language Arts Handbook, Section 2: Vocabulary & Spelling. Additional vocabulary development activities integrated with the literature selections are included in the Meeting the Standards unit resource books and in Differentiated Instruction for English Language Learners. Teaching Tips Word study encompasses not only vocabulary and spelling, but also the strategies language users employ to unlock meanings and internalize spellings. Effective instruction in word study gives students tools for learning new vocabulary and spelling independently in the long term. The following teaching tips can help you ensure that your students get the most from the lessons in Vocabulary & Spelling. © EMC Publishing, LLC Exceeding the Standards: Vocabulary & Spelling Br TradiTion v ... - tailieumienphi.vn