treasures grammar and writing handbook grade 5 phần 7

Mechanics • Punctuation Italics (Underlining) • Use italics or underlining to enclose the title of a book, film, television series, play, magazine, or newspaper. The Secret Garden Dumbo Reading Rainbow Fiddler on the Roof Sports Illustrated The New York Times The Secret Garden Dumbo Reading Rainbow Fiddler on the Roof Sports Illustrated The New York Times Practice Rewrite each sentence correctly. Underline titles where needed. 1. Did you know that the movie Alice in Wonderland was based on a book? 2. Yes, the book was titled Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. 3. The author’s life was described on a TV show called Great Authors. 4. Articles about the author also appeared in newspapers such as The Chicago Tribune. 5. The author’s biography was written in Cricket magazine, too. 169 Diagramming Sentence Structure: Diagramming Guide A sentence diagram shows how the words in a sentence go together. The diagram shows capitalized words but not sentence punctuation. The most important words in the sentence are put on a horizontal base line. The other words are written on lines connected to the base line. First, you will learn how to diagram the most important words in a sentence. Later, you will learn how to diagram the other words. Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates • The simple subject and the simple predicate are written on the base line of a sentence diagram. The simple subject is written on the left side of the base line, and the simple predicate is written on the right side. An up-and-down line separates the simple subject from the simple predicate. Miners dig minerals. Miners dig In an interrogative sentence, the simple subject often comes between the two parts of a verb phrase. Have you seen the mine? you Have seen In an imperative sentence, there may not be a named subject. In this case, the subject is you. Watch that miner. (you) Watch Practice Make a sentence diagram of the simple subject and the simple predicate in each sentence. 1. Minerals come from the earth. 2. Coal is formed between layers of rock. 3. Miners blast minerals out of the ground. 4. Does copper come from mines in Arizona? 5. Close that mine now. 170 Diagramming Compound Subjects and Predicates • A sentence with a compound subject has two or more simple subjects with the same predicate. A sentence with a compound predicate has two or more simple predicates with the same subject. The simple subjects or simple predicates are joined by and or or. In a sentence diagram, the word and or or is written on a dotted up-and-down line connecting the subjects or the predicates. Rice and pasta provide energy for the body. Rice provide pasta Humans work, play, and sleep. work Humans play sleep Practice Diagram the compound subject or the compound predicate in each sentence. Include in each diagram the simple subject and the simple predicate that goes with each compound. 1. Bones and teeth need calcium. 2. Some fats and oils help the body. 3. Vitamin A strengthens and improves vision. 4. Starches and sugars are carbohydrates. 5. Toddlers and women require extra iron. 6. Good food and exercise are important. 7. Oxygen and food are needed by the body. 8. A healthy body repairs and replaces damaged cells. 9. Babies, children, and teenagers need healthy food. 10. Children eat, sleep, and exercise to stay healthy. 171 Diagramming Direct Objects • A direct object is a noun or pronoun in the predicate that receives the action of the verb. It answers the question Whom? or What? In a sentence diagram, the direct object is written after the simple predicate on the base line. An up-and-down line separates the direct object from the simple predicate. This vertical line does not cross the base line. Many students join the band. students join band A verb can have more than one direct object. Look at the following example to see how a compound direct object is diagrammed. Many students join the band, choir, or orchestra. band students join choir orchestra Practice Diagram the simple subject, the simple predicate, and the direct object or objects in each sentence. 1. Mrs. Jacobsen encouraged Daniel. 2. She explained the requirements. 3. Daniel joined the club. 4. The students brought costumes and props. 5. The principal planned a stage set. 6. The crew cleared the stage. 7. Some art students painted the scenery. 8. Another group designed a program. 9. Dad took photographs. 10. Mom fed the cast and crew. 172 Diagramming Adjectives and Adverbs • Adjectives, including the articles a, an, and the, describe nouns. Adjectives tell what kind, which one(s), and how many. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs answer how, when, where, or why. In a sentence diagram, adjectives and adverbs are placed on slanted lines below the words they describe. The talented drummer played loudly. drummer played An adverb does not always appear next to the verb it describes. In the following sentence, an adverb describes another adverb. The drummer struck the instrument very quickly. The adverb very describes the adverb quickly. Notice how the adverbs are diagrammed. drummer struck instrument Notice how the two adjectives are diagrammed in the following example. The bass drum boomed loudly and deeply. drum boomed and Practice Diagram every word in these sentences. 1. A single kettledrum echoes forcefully. 2. Felt covers the tenor drumsticks. 3. Ancient civilizations probably played drums. 4. Military and marching bands often play tenor drums. 5. Many famous composers wrote musical arrangements. 173 ... - tailieumienphi.vn