Tổng hợp từ vựng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh lớp 12

REVISION 1. Cách nhận biết từ loại: a. Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có các hậu tố sau: ­TION/ ­ATION ­MENT ­ENCE/­ANCE ­NESS ­ER (chỉ người) ­OR (chỉ người) ­IST (chỉ người) ­AR/­ANT/­EE (chỉ người) ­ING ­AGE ­SHIP ­ISM (chủ nghĩa) ­(I)TY (verb)­AL ­TH invention, information, education development, employment difference, importance richness, happiness, business teacher, worker, writer, singer inventor, visitor, actor physicist, biologist, chemist beggar, assistant, employee teaching, schooling teenage, marriage friendship, championship pessimism, optimism possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty refusal, arrival, survival warmth, strength, youth, truth, depth b. Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có các hậu tố sau: ­FUL ­LESS (nghĩa phủ định) (noun)­Y (có nhiều) successful, helpful, beautiful homeless, careless rainy, snowy, windy (noun)­LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày..) friendly, yearly, daily ­ISH (noun)­AL (thuộc về) ­OUS ­IVE ­IC ­ABLE selfish, childish natural, cutural nervous, dangerous, famous active, expensive electric, economic comfortable, acceptable c. Cánh nhận biết động từ: động từ thường có tiền tố hoặc hậu tố sau: Tiền tố EN­ ­FY ­IZE, ­ISE ­EN ­ATE endanger, enlarge, enrich (làm giàu), encourage (động viên) classify, satisfy, beautify socialize, modernize, industrialize widen, frighten considerate, translate d. Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố ­LY. Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently ... Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: ­ good (a) ­ late (a) đây ­ ill (a) ­ fast (a) ­ hard (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt late: trễ, chậm ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém fast (adv): nhanh hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ lately (adv): mới đây, gần hardly (adv): hầu như không 2. Chức năng của một số từ loại: 1 a. Danh từ (Noun) Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books. Sau ­ mạo từ: a /an / the ­ từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … ­ từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several ... ­ tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its… Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) Sau giới từ (prep. + N) Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) He is a student. These flowers are beautiful. She needs some water. She buys books. She meets a lot of people. He talked about the story yesterday. He is interested in music. The main has just arrived. Sau enough b. Tính từ (Adj) Trước N Sau TO BE (enough + N) (Adj + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house. This is an interesting books. I am tired. Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem keep, make … Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very, quite, rather, … It becomes hot. She feels sad. The news made me happy. It is extremely cold. I’m terribly sorry. She is very beautiful. Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small. Trước enough Trong cấu trúc: (be + adj + enough) be + so + adj + that The house isn’t large enough. She was so angry that she can’t speak. A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + Noun Trong câu cảm thán: ­ How + adj + S + V ­ Wht + (a / an) + adj + N My new car is blue. How beautiful the girl is! What an interesting film! c. Trạng từ (Adv) Sau V thường Trước Adj Giữa cụm V He drove carefully. I meet an extremely handsome man. She has already finished the job. ­ have / has + adv + V3/­ed The party was well prepared. ­ am/ is/ are + adv + V3/­ed Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party. Sau too Trong cấu trúc Trước enough V + too + adv V + so + adv + that V + adv + enough They walked too slowly to catch the bus. Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. You should write clearly enough. EXERCISE Choose the best answers 1. Life here is very _____. A. peacefully B. peaceful C. peace D. peacefulness 2 2. Women usually don’t shake hands when being _____. A. introducing B. introduction 3. He was so _____ that he had an accident. A. caring B. careless 4. Farmers can enrich the soil by using ______. A. fertile B. fertility C. introduced C. careful C. fertilize D. introducer D. carefully D. fertilizers 5. Nowadays, chemicals are ______ into some fruits to reduce decay. A. injection B. injecting C. inject D. injected 6. What’s your _______ ? – I’m Vietnamese. A. nation B. national C. nationality D. international 7. In this course, students receive _______ in the basic English grammar. A. instruct B. instructional C. instruction D. instructive 8. I _____ him for his honesty. A. respective B. respectful C. respectable D. respect 9. All of the students appreciate the ______ of English learning. A. import B. important C. importantly D. importance 10. We can enjoy live programmes through _______ satellites. A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicable 11. Learning English has become a ______ in our country. A. necessitate B. necessary 12. Computers are ______ used in schools and universities. A. widely B. wide 13. He retired at the ______ of 60. A. age B. old 14. My teacher always give us a clear ______. A. explain B. explained 15. The _____ of the moon for the earth causes the tides. A. attract B. attracted 16. Your bad result made me ______ . A. disappoint B. disappointment 17. Getting such a well­paid job is very beyond my ______. A. expect B. expected C. necessity C. width C. older C. explanatory C. attractive C. disappointed C. expecting D. necessarily D. widen D. elder D. explanation D. attraction D. disappointing D. expectation 18. It has been proved ______ that the unemployment rates are increasing. A. statistic B. statistics C. statistical 19. She has made an _______ for the job as a nursery teacher because she like children. A. apply B. applicant C. application D. statistically D. applicator 20. Daisy has been out of work for 3 months. She stay at home and does the housework_______. A. disappoint B. disappointed C. disappointedly D. disappointing 21. She is a biologist. She is interested in _______ . A. conserves B. conservancy 22. There is no ______ for them to do that. A. need B. needs C. conservation C. needless D. conservative D. needing 23. The _____ development leads to our country’s prosperity. A. industry B. industries C. industrial D. industrialize 24. Farmers ______ their land to make it _______. A. fertilize / product B. fertilizer / productive C. fertilize / production D. fertilize / productive 25. Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce ______. A. electric B. electricity C. electrician D. electrify UNIT 1: HOME LIFE A. READING ­ night shift: …………………………………………. ­ biology ( ) ­ biologist ( ): ……………………………………….. 3 ­ biological ( ): ………………………………………. ­ join hands: work together ­ (be) willing to + V1: ­ household chores: ­ run the household: ­ make sure ­ rush = hurry = go quickly (v) ……………………………………….. ……………………………………….. ………………………………………. ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………… ­ responsibility ( ): ……………………………………. ­ responsible for (a): ­ take the responsibility for + V­ing: ­ pressure (n): ­ (be) under pressure: ­ caring (a) ­ take out = remove: ……………………………………. ……………………………………. ……………………………………. ……………………………………. ………………………………….. …………………………………… ­ mischievous ( ): ­ mischief (n): ………………………………………. ………………………………….. ­ give s.o a hand = help s.o: ­ o’bedient (a) ≠ disobedient (a): ­ obedience (n): ………………………………….. …………………………………. …………………………………… ­ obey ( ): …………………………………. ­ close – knit: ­ supportive of ­ ‘frankly (adv): ­ frank (a): ­ make a decision = decide (v) ­ solve (v): ………………………………….. ………………………………….. …………………………………… ……………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………… ­ solution ( ): ………………………………… ­ secure (a) = safe (a) ­ security (n): ­ (be) crowded with ­ well – behaved (a): ­ confidence (n): ­ confident in s.o (a): ­ base (n) / based on = rely on ­ come up = appear, happen ­ hard­working (a) ­ be good at Task 1 (Textbook page 14) Task 2: ... - tailieumienphi.vn