Stress and Performance - A Review of the Literature and Its Applicability to the Military

THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND Corporation. Jump down to document6 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. 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Stress and Performance A Review of the Literature and Its Applicability to the Military Jennifer Kavanagh Approved for public release; distribution unlimited This report results from the RAND Corporation’s continuing program of self-initiated independent research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND’s contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers. This research was conducted within the RAND National Security Research Division, which conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, the defense agencies, the Department of the Navy, the U.S. Intelligence Community, allied foreign governments, and foundations. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kavanagh, Jennifer, 1981- Stress and performance : a review of the literature and its applicability to the military / Jennifer Kavanagh. p. cm. “TR-192.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-3830-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Psychology, Military. 2. Soldiers—job stress. 3. Combat—Psychological aspects. 4. Performance. 5. Psychophysiology. I. Title. U22.3.K38 2005 616.85`212—dc22 2005019551 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2005 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2005 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 201 North Craig Street, Suite 202, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1516 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: order@rand.org - iii - PREFACE This report reviews the literature and empirical studies conducted on the relationships among stressors, stress, and performance in a variety of contexts, with a specific focus on stress in a military context. The literature review examines relevant studies in the psychological field and highlights those most relevant to military operations and training. With the military case as its primary focus, the review includes a detailed description of the primary types of stressors, identification of the common effects of stress on task execution and perception for both individuals and groups, and discussion of factors that can help to reduce the effects of stress on performance. This report is part of a larger project studying the effects of increasing number and duration of soldier deployments on the expectations, experiences, and attitudes toward military life of service members. The report should be of particular interest to individuals interested in gaining a more detailed understanding of how stressors lead to stress, how stress affects performance, and what can be done to mitigate these effects. In particular, military planners and senior officials may find this information helpful in developing new training and support programs that help service members deal with and adapt to stress both at home and on deployment. This report results from the RAND Corporation’s continuing program of self-initiated independent research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND’s contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers. This research was conducted within the RAND National Security Research Division (NSRD) of the RAND Corporation. NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, the defense agencies, the Department of the Navy, the U.S. Intelligence Community, allied foreign governments, and foundations. ... - tailieumienphi.vn