Restoration of Aquatic Systems

Restoration of Aquatic Systems © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Marine Science Series The CRC Marine Science Series is dedicated to providing state-of-the-art coverage of important topics in marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and physical oceanography. The series includes volumes that focus on the synthesis of recent advances in marine science. CRC MARINE SCIENCE SERIES SERIES EDITOR Michael J. Kennish, Ph.D. PUBLISHED TITLES Artificial Reef Evaluation with Application to Natural Marine Habitats, William Seaman, Jr. The Biology of Sea Turtles, Volume I, Peter L. Lutz and John A. Musick Chemical Oceanography, Second Edition, Frank J. Millero Coastal Ecosystem Processes, Daniel M. Alongi Ecology of Estuaries: Anthropogenic Effects, Michael J. Kennish Ecology of Marine Bivalves: An Ecosystem Approach, Richard F. Dame Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, Larry McEdward Ecology of Seashores, George A. Knox Environmental Oceanography, Second Edition, Tom Beer Estuarine Indicators, Stephen A. Bortone Estuarine Research, Monitoring, and Resource Protection, Michael J. Kennish Estuary Restoration and Maintenance: The National Estuary Program, Michael J. Kennish Eutrophication Processes in Coastal Systems: Origin and Succession of Plankton Blooms and Effects on Secondary Production in Gulf Coast Estuaries, Robert J. Livingston Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, David S. Cronan Handbook for Restoring Tidal Wetlands, Joy B. Zedler Intertidal Deposits: River Mouths, Tidal Flats, and Coastal Lagoons, Doeke Eisma Marine Chemical Ecology, James B. McClintock and Bill J. Baker Morphodynamics of Inner Continental Shelves, L. Donelson Wright Ocean Pollution: Effects on Living Resources and Humans, Carl J. Sindermann Physical Oceanographic Processes of the Great Barrier Reef, Eric Wolanski The Physiology of Fishes, Second Edition, David H. Evans Pollution Impacts on Marine Biotic Communities, Michael J. Kennish Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine Pollution, Michael J. Kennish Practical Handbook of Marine Science, Third Edition, Michael J. Kennish Seagrasses: Monitoring, Ecology, Physiology, and Management, Stephen A. Bortone Trophic Organization in Coastal Systems, Robert J. Livingston © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Restoration of Aquatic Systems Robert J. Livingston Director Center for Aquatic Research and Resource Management Florida State University Tallahassee Boca Raton London New York Singapore A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc. © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Published in 2006 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-1966-8 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-1966-2 (Hardcover) Library of Congress Card Number 2004064948 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Livingston, Robert J. Restoration of aquatic systems / by Robert J. Livingston. p. cm. –- (Marine science series) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8493-1966-8 Restoration ecology–-Florida. 2. Aquatic ecology-–Florida. 3. Wildlife habitat improvement–-Florida. I. Title. II. Series. QH105.F6L582 2005 639.9—dc22 Taylor & Francis Group is the Academic Division of T&F Informa plc. 2004064948 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC “The road to Perdition is paved with good intentions.” —Unattributed aphorism “Approximately 80% of our air pollution stems from hydrocarbons released by vegetation, so let’s not go overboard in setting and enforcing tough emission standards from man-made sources.” —Ronald Reagan “No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the re-birth of new life in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves.” —Rachel Carson, Silent Spring “A vast and destructive algae bloom has floated out of the backcountry and settled near Islamorada. …Crossing the tall arch to Long Key, you noticed a foul-looking stain stretching gulfward to the horizon. What you saw is Florida Bay dying.” —Carl Hiaasen, Miami Herald, 1993 “It sounds like a bad 1950s science fiction movie: ugly green slime spreading through the sea, killing fish and threatening children and animals that swim in the water. But experts say this scenario could become reality in the Baltic, the world’s largest brackish water sea…” —Nina Garlo, Reuters article, 2003 “A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson “Collectively, the restoration effort is billed as the nation’s premier watershed restoration program and is billed as a model for estuarine restoration programs worldwide. All the while, decades pass and the Bay’s most basic environmental indicators suggest little if any sustained improvement…. As the region’s polit-ical system continues to grapple with environmental protection, it is important not to adjust environmental goals to reflect ‘political realities’ or to grow content with hollow ‘successes’ that fail to reflect tangible environmental improve-ments.” —Howard R. Ernst, Chesapeake Blues, 2003 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ... - tailieumienphi.vn