Research Design

Research Design Explained S E V E N T H E D I T I O N Mark L. Mitchell Janina M. Jolley Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Research Design Explained, Seventh Edition Mark L. Mitchell and Janina M. Jolley Senior Sponsoring Editor, Psychology: Jane Potter Assistant Editor: Rebecca Rosenberg Editorial Assistant: Nicolas Albert Media Editor: Rachel Guzman Marketing Manager: Tierra Morgan Marketing Assistant: Molly Felz Executive Marketing Communications Manager: Talia Wise Senior Content Project Manager: Pat Waldo Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: Vernon Boes Print Buyer: Karen Hunt Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Text: Margaret Chamberlain-Gaston Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Image: Don Schlotman Production Service: Babita Yadav, Macmillan Publishing Solutions Photo Researcher: Nina Smith, Pre-PressPMG Copy Editor: MPS Illustrator: MPS Cover Designer: Lisa Henry Cover Image: © Getty Images/Art Wolfe Chapter Opening Photograph: © Getty Images/ Mark Segal Compositor: Macmillan Publishing Solutions © 2010, 2007 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2008943371 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-60221-7 ISBN-10: 0-495-60221-3 Wadsworth 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at www.cengage.com/ international. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Wadsworth visit www.cengage.com/ Wadsworth Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 12 11 10 09 We dedicate this book to our parents—Anna, Glen, Zoë, and Neal—and to our daughter, Moriah. B R I E F C O N T E N T S PREFACE XVII ABOUT THE AUTHORS XXIII 1 Science, Psychology, and You 1 2 Validity and Ethics: Can We Know, Should We Know, and Can We Afford Not to Know? 35 3 Generating and Refining Research Hypotheses 61 4 Reading, Reviewing, and Replicating Research 96 5 Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity 126 6 Beyond Reliability and Validity: The Best Measure for Your Study 175 7 Introduction to Descriptive Methods and Correlational Research 203 8 Survey Research 253 9 Internal Validity 304 10 The Simple Experiment 334 11 Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple-Group Experiment 382 iv ... - tailieumienphi.vn