Remote Sensing and GIS Accuracy Assessment

and GIS Accuracy Edited by Ross S. Lunetta John G. Lyon CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC This is a work of the United States Government under the provisions of Title 17, Section 105 of the U.S. Code and, therefore, U.S. copyright protection is not available. Under U.S. law, no U.S. copyright may be assigned. U.S. Government works are in the public domain and may be used by members of the U.S. public without copyright restrictions. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Remote sensing and GIS accuracy assessment / edited by Ross S. Lunetta, John G. Lyon. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 1-56670-443-X 1. Remote sensing—Congresses. 2. Geographic information systems—Congresses. 3. Spatial analysis (Statistics)—Congresses. I. Lunetta, Ross S. II. Lyon, J. G. (John G.) G70.39.R45 2004 621.36’78—dc22 2004045728 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com International Standard Book Number 1-56670-443-X Library of Congress Card Number 2004045728 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Preface The development of robust accuracy assessment methods for the validation of spatial data represents a difficult challenge for the geospatial science community. The importance and timeliness of this issue are related directly to the dramatic escalation in the development and application of spatial data throughout the latter 20th century. This trend, which is expected to continue, will become increasingly pervasive and continue to revolutionize future decision-making processes. However, our current ability to validate large-area spatial data sets represents a major impediment to many future applications. Problems associated with assessing spatial data accuracy are primarily related to their valued characteristic of being continuous data and to the associated geometric or positional errors implicit with all spatial data. Continuous data typically suffer from the problem of spatial autocorrelation, which violates the important statistical assumption of “independent” data. Positional errors tend to introduce anomalous errors with the combining of multiple data sets or layers. The majority of large-area spatial data coverages are derived from remote sensor data and subsequently analyzed in a GIS to provide baseline information for data-driven assessments to facilitate the decision-making process. This important topic was the focus of a special symposium sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on “Remote Sensing and GIS Accuracy Assessment” on December 11–13, 2001, in Las Vegas, Nevada. The symposium evaluated the important scientific elements relevant to the performance of accuracy assessments for remote sensing-derived data and GIS data analysis and integration products. A keynote address was delivered by Russell G. Congalton that provided attendees with an historical accuracy assessment overview and that identified current technical gaps and established important issues that were the subject of intense debates throughout the symposium. A total of 27 technical papers were presented by an international group of scientists representing federal, state, and local governments, academia, and nongovernmental organizations. Specific technical presentations examined sampling issues, reference data collection, edge and boundary effects, error matrix and fuzzy assessments, error budget analysis, and special issues related to change detection accuracy assessment. Abstracts submitted for presentation were evaluated for technical merit and assigned to technical sessions by the program committee members. Members then served as technical session chairs, thus maintaining responsibility for session content. Subsequent to the symposium, presenters were invited to submit manuscripts for consideration as chapters. This book contains 20 chapters that represent the important symposium outcomes. All chapters have undergone peer review and were determined to be suitable for publication. The editors have arranged the book into a series of complementary scientific topics to provide the reader with a detailed treatise on spatial data accuracy assessment issues. The symposium chairs would like to thank the program committee members for their organi-zation of individual technical sessions and participation as session chairs and presenters. Ross S. Lunetta and John G. Lyon U.S. Environmental Protection Agency © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Acknowledgments Symposium Sponsor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Symposium Chairs and Book Editors Ross S. Lunetta (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) John G. Lyon (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Program Committee and Session Chairs Gregory S. Biging (University of California at Berkeley) Russell G. Congalton (University of New Hampshire) Christopher D. Elvidge (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) John S. Iiames (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) S. Taylor Jarnagin (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Michael Jennings (U.S. Geological Survey) Bruce K. Jones (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Siamak Khorram (North Carolina State University) Thomas R. Loveland (U.S. Geological Survey) Thomas H. Mace (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Anthony R. Olsen (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Elijah Ramsey III (U.S. Geological Survey) Terrence E. Slonecker (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Stephen V. Stehman (State University of New York) James D. Wickham (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) L. Dorsey Worthy (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contributors Elisabeth A. Addink University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Frank Baarnes Oak Ridge Associated Universities Oak Ridge, Tennessee Michele Barson Bureau of Rural Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia Latha Baskaran Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania Kimberly E. Baugh Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado Vivienne Bordas Bureau of Rural Science Kingston, ACT, Australia Mark A. Bowersox Town of Pittsford Pittsford, New York Daniel G. Brown University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Halil I. Cakir North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina Russell G. Congalton University of New Hampshire Durham, New Hampshire Stephen D. DeGloria Cornell University Ithaca, New York John B. Dietz Cooperative Institute for Research on the Atmosphere University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado Samuel E. Drake University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona Jiunn-Der Dub University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Donald W. Ebert U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory Las Vegas, Nevada Curtis M. Edmonds U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory Las Vegas, Nevada Christopher D. Elvidge NOAA National Geophysical Data Center Boulder, Colorado Sarah R. Falzarano National Park Service Flagstaff, Arizona Donald Garofalo U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory Reston, Virginia Michael F. Goodchild University of California Santa Barbara, California Kass Green Space Imaging Emeryville, California © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ... - tailieumienphi.vn