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312
G
Gaia hypothesis 25, 40
General equilibrium 32, 211 see also Computable general equilibrium
Genuine Progress Indicator 128–130, 139 Genuine Saving 139, 153, 157
Genuine wealth 58
Global Compact 178, 260, 262 Global governance 255, 261–262
Global Reporting Initiative 177–178, 179 Global warming 80–82, 86, 89, 107 Globalization
definition 251
protest movement 252, 254, 259, 261 sustainability effects 252–254, 261, 268
Good life 50, 58, 96, 246
Green accounting see System for integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting
Green GDP 155, 166
Greened GDP/GNP 195, 213, 214, 215, 216–217, 220, 226
Greenhouse effect 107
Gross domestic product 45, 46–48, 141 see also Delinkage
physical 122
H
Happiness 48–49, 50, 58 Hartwick’s rule 31, 224
Homeostatic plateau 35 see also Resilience Homo
oeconomicus 18, 39, 265 politicus 39
sustinens 39 Hotelling rule 143, 144
Human Development Index 46, 48, 90, 93, 103
Hybrid accounts see NAMEA
I Index
of Material and Energy Intensity 200
of Sustainable Economic Welfare 128–130 Indicators
definition 72
environmental see Environmental indicators
performance evaluation, China 79, 80 sustainable development see Sustainable
development, indicators use 78–80
Index
Indices see Aggregation Industrial ecology 40, 236 Input-output analysis 190, 195
econometric model, Germany 216–217 environmental 190–192, 212–214
table 195 see also Physical input-output table
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 81, 86
International Development Strategies 45, 57 ISO 14000 175–177
Internationalization 256, 257 IPAT identity 84, 231
J
Johannesburg Summit see World Summit on Sustainable Development
K
Kyoto Protocol 7, 8, 86
L
Least developed countries see Developing countries
Life cycle analysis 120, 172–173, 179, 195 Limits-to-growth model 202–204, 208, 231
critique 205–207, 208
Linear programming 219, 220, 226 dynamic 220–221
with environmental constraints 219–220, 226
Localization 258–259, 262
London Group of Natural Resource and Environmental Accountants 142, 159
M
Maintenance costing see Valuation, maintenance cost
Market
creation 241, 280
(dis)incentives see Market, instruments equilibrium see General equilibrium and
Computable general equilibrium failure 27, 269, 275
instruments 32, 154–155, 233, 239–240, 269, 277–278 see also Eco-tax and Property rights
invisible hand 25, 38, 52
valuation see Valuation, market price Material and energy balance 114, 124
Index
Material flow accounting 106, 113–114, 117–118, 124, 162, 185
critique 119–121 Material intensity 116 Material throughput 36, 114
Measure of Economic Welfare 128, 137–138 Metabolism
biological 106
industrial see Metabolism, social social 36, 105–106, 123
Micro-macro link 32, 174–175 Millennium Development Goals 45–46,
57, 260 indicators 79, 85
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 163–164 Modelling
vs. accounting 131, 146, 191–192, 194–195
and conceptualization of sustainability 222, 224, 225
policy advice 225, 268 Muddling through 232 Multi-criteria analysis 103
Multilateral environment agreements 255, 258 Multinational corporations see Transnational
corporations
N
NAMEA, Netherlands 137, 139–140 National accounts 63, 64, 84, 133 National income 132, 160–161 Natural capital 26, 131 see also
Environmental assets consumption 133, 135, 150, 283 critical 31, 37–38, 162–163, 175 maintenance see Capital, maintenance
Natural resource
common-property see Natural resource, open-access
curse 241, 242
depletion see Depletion of natural resources
discovery 152 economics 33 management 241–242 open-access 34
productivity 116, 236, 237 Net Additions to Stock 116–117
Net Economic Welfare see Measure of Economic Welfare
Net price 143–144 Net worth 132, 161
Neo-liberalism 17, 25, 39
313
New International Economic Order 45, 58 Newly industrialized countries 200–221 Non-sustainability see Sustainability, limits Normative framework see Feasibility space
O
Optimal sustainable growth 222–224, 226–227
Other asset changes 135, 143, 152, 187 Overlay mapping 88–89
P
Pareto optimality 32, 33, 211, 275 Physical input-output table, Germany
121–123, 124 Physiocrats 20
Pigovian tax see Eco-tax Pipeline, Chad-Cameroon 242
Polluter-pays principle 27, 238, 249 Pollution
coefficients, Sweden 191 haven 202, 254
of poverty 5, 83 transboundary 146
Precautionary principle 235, 249 PRED databank 84
Pressure-state-response framework 66, 67, 85 Property rights 241, 280
Public good 43, 241, 276, 281
Public-private partnership 170, 255 see also Global Compact
Q
Quality of life 85, 128, 169
R
Race to the bottom 252 Rebound effects 37, 246
Relative income hypothesis 50, 58 Religion and environment 3, 14 Relinkage see Delinkage
Rent see Economic rent
Resilience (ecosystem) 35, 53, 55, 59 Rio
Declaration 6, 249, 259 Plus Five 6
Summit see United Nations, Conference on Environment and Development
Rules and regulations 25, 39, 235 see also Command and control
314
S
Safe minimum standards 38, 55, 233 Scale (of the economy) 27, 36, 233
Scarcity, environmental 19, 27, 145, 225, 232 Second-best theorem 18, 33
SESAME 139–140
Shadow price 213, 221, 222, 223 Shrimp-turtle dispute 256, 257 Simon-Ehrlich wager 208–209 Simulation 203–204
Skeptical environmentalist 8, 15 Social accounting 169–170
matrix 84
Social collapse see Environmental catastrophe Social cost see Environmental cost and
Externalities
Social discounting see Discounting Social indicators 84, 85, 169
Social values see Environmental ethics Social welfare function 222, 223 Spaceship earth 36, 106
State of the environment reports 15 Statistics, international 63–64, 83–84 Steady-state economy 22, 36
Stern review 81–82, 86
Strategic Impact Assessment Body 257 Structural profile see Environmental-economic
profiles
Substitution see Sustainability, strength Sufficiency 245–246, 248 Sustainability 20, 26, 28–29
accounting 150–151, 160–164, 266 economic 26, 28, 29, 30–31, 38–39 268,
see also Sustainability, accounting and Capital maintenance
ecological 26, 29, 35, 37, 38, 270 see also Carrying capacity and Resilience and Dematerialization
environmental see Sustainability -gap index 139
import 82, 119, 238 limits 51–52, 220
reporting see Global Reporting Initiative science 23, 40
strength 31, 37, 150, 266–267 Sustainable Budget Index, Botswana 241 Sustainable development
demise 56, 57, 270–271 dimensions 23, 51 definition 49, 52 cornucopia 48–50
indicators 72–78, 80–81, 85–86, 266 local see Eco-development modelling 52, 224
Index
normative nature 54, 56 objectives 5–6, 130, 265 reductionist view 82–83
Sustainable Development Index 93, 102 Sustainable economic growth see Economic
growth, sustainable Sustainable National Income 139
System for integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting 133–135, 141, 148
asset boundary 133–135 case studies 155–159 Germany 158–159, 285–287 history 141–142, 165–166
indicators 148, 151–153, 161–162 see also Environmentally adjusted net Domestic Product and Environmentally adjusted net Capital Formation
operational manual 165, 166 physical accounts 162–163, 164 production boundary 135
revision 142, 154, 159–165, 166, 194 satellite system 142, 165, 174 sustainability measurement see
Sustainability, accounting USA 152–153
valuation see Valuation
System of National Accounts see National accounts
System of Social and Demographic Statistics 63–64, 84
T
Tableau Economique 20 Technology
environmental 236, 247 see also Eco-techniques
impacts 83, 231 progress 224–225, 231 transfer 200
Thermodynamic laws 36, 106, 108, 114 Thermoeconomic accounting 123 Threshold hypothesis 50, 128, 185 Throughput see Material throughput
Total Material Requirement 114–116, 117–119 Total Material Output 116
Total wealth 130–131, 132–133 portfolio management 130
Trade liberalization see Globalization Tradable pollution permits 81, 145, 240 see
also European Union, emission trading scheme
Tragedy of the commons 33
Index
Transnational corporations 170, 251, 252, 260 Transnationalization 251
U
United Nations
Climate Change Conference 8 Committee of Experts on Environmental
and Economic Accounting 165, 166 conference on sustainable development
see World Summit on Sustainable Development
Conference on Environment and Development 6, 165
Conference on the Human Environment 5, 63
Environment Programme 5, 258, 259 Framework Convention on Climate
Change 7, 8, 86 User cost allowance 144
User-pays principle 27, 238, 249 Utility see Welfare
V Valuation
damage 147–148, 158 energy 108, 112–113 maintenance cost 145–146 market price 142–144
monetary, rejection 19, 27–28, 142, 161 net present value 143
system-inherent 123 Vision 13, 220, 269
315
W
Washington consensus 261
Wealth see Net worth and Total wealth and Capital
Weighting by weight 28, 120, 266 Well-being see Welfare
Wellbeing Index 96, 102, 103, 185 Welfare
indicators 128–130, 141, 154, 183–185 maximization 222, 223
measurement see Welfare, indicators and Valuation, damage
sustainable 29, 224
and wealth 130–131, 160, 161, 267 Willingness to pay 28, 147, 148
Win-win strategy 243, 245, 249
World Business Council for Sustainable Development 8, 248
World Commission on Environment and Development 5–6, 18–19, 49
World Environment Organization 258, 259, 262
World state 251, 255
World Summit on Sustainable Development 6–7, 164, 170
World Trade Organization 255–256, 261–262 countervailing power 258–259 environmental stipulations 255–257 greening 256–258
Z
Zero Emission Research Initiative 236, 248 Zero growth 5, 25, 204, 207
Colour Plates
Plate 1.1 Environmental indicators. Source: Globus Infografik GmbH.
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