Public Choices, Private Decisions: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals

Public Choices, Private Decisions: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals Achieving the Millennium Development Goals The UN Millennium Project is an independent advisory body commissioned by the UN Secretary-General to propose the best strategies for meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs are the world’s quantifed targets for dramatically reducing extreme poverty in its many dimensions by 2015 – income poverty, hunger, disease, exclusion, lack of infrastructure and shelter – while promoting gender equality, education, health, and environmental sustainability. The UN Millennium Project is directed by Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs, Special Advisor to the Secretary-General on the Millennium Development Goals. The bulk of its analytical work has been performed by 10 task forces, each composed of scholars, policymakers, civil society leaders, and private-sector representatives. The UN Millennium Project reports directly to the UN Secretary-General and the United Nations Development Programme Administrator, in his capacity as Chair of the UN Development Group. Public Choices, Private Decisions: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals By Stan Bernstein with Charlotte Juul Hansen 2006 Copyright © 2006 By the United Nations Development Programme All rights reserved This publication should be cited as: UN Millennium Project. 2006. Public Choices, Private Deci-sions: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals. The UN Millennium Project was commissioned by the UN Secretary-General and sponsored by the United Nations Development Programme on behalf of the UN Development Group. The report is an independent publication and does not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations, the United Nations Development Programme or their Member States. This publication was supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Ford Foundation and The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Front cover photo: TK Design: Communications Development Inc., USA, and Grundy & Northedge, UK Editing: Tina Johnson Layout and proofreading: Green Ink, UK (www.greenink.co.uk) Printing: Pragati Offset Pvt. Ltd, India Contents Foreword vii Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Acronyms xiii Executive Summary 1 Section 1: Introduction 21 ICPD and the MDGs – moving forward together 23 What is sexual and reproductive health? 24 Reproductive rights 26 Section 2: The current situation 31 The global burden of SRH-related diseases and risks 31 Measuring progress in key areas of SRH 34 Why hasn’t SRH been given higher priority? 47 Section 3: The impact of ensuring universal access to SRH and rights on achieving each of the MDGs 57 A contextual issue: population dynamics and progress on the MDGs 58 Goal 1: Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger 59 Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education 63 Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women 68 Goal 4: Reduce child mortality 74 Goal 5: Improve maternal health 78 Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 86 Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability 92 Goal 8: Global Partnerships 97 ... - tailieumienphi.vn