Power Systems

Power Systems Abhisek Ukil Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing in Power Engineering Abhisek Ukil Author Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing in Power Engineering With 239 Figures and 36 Tables Author Dr. Abhisek Ukil ABB Corporate Research Segelhofstrasse 1K CH-5405 Baden-Daetwill Switzerland abhisek.ukil@ch.abb.com abhiukil@yahoo.com ISSN 1612-1287 ISBN 978-3-540-73169-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2007929722 Matlabr is a registered trademark of Mathworks Inc. In short, no guaraentees, whatsoever, are given for the example computer programs provided in this book. They are intended for demonstration purpose only. The author or the publisher would not be responsible for any consequences or damages of any sort from the usage of the programs or any other relevant ideas from the book. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence ofaspecific statement, that such names are exempt fromthe relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd., India Cover Design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 11884910 60/3180/Integra 5 4 3 2 1 0 Dedicated to all my teachers who enabled me to write this book, and my family & friends for supporting me all along. Preface Power engineering is truly one of the main pillars of the electricity-driven modern civilization.Andovertheyears,powerengineeringhasalso beenamultidisciplinary field in terms of numerous applications of different subjects. This ranges from lin-ear algebra, electronics, signal processing to artificial intelligence including recent trendslike bio-inspiredcomputation,lateralcomputingandthelike.Consideringthe reasons behind this, in one hand, we have vast variety of application sub-domains in power engineering itself; on the other hand, problems in these sub-domains are complex and nonlinear, requiring other complementary techniques/fields to solve them. Therefore, there is always the need of bridging these different fields and the power engineering. We often encounter the problem of distributed and scattered nature of these different disciplines while working in various sub-domainsof power engineering,tryingtoapplysomeotherusefultechniquesforsomespecificproblem. Oftentimes, these are not direct field of work for manypower engineers/researchers, but we got to use them. This book is urged by that practical need. As the namesuggests, the booklooks intotwo majorfields (withoutundermining others!) used in modern power systems. These are the intelligent systems and the signal processing. These broad fields include many topics. Some of the common and useful topics are addressed in this book. In this book, the intelligent systems section comprises of fuzzy logic, neural network and support vector machine. Fuzzy logic, driven by practical humanoid knowledgeincorporation,has been a powerful techniquein solving many nonlinear, complex problems, particularly in the field of control engineering. Neural network, on the other hand, is inspired by the biological neuronal assemblies that enable the animal kingdom (including us!) to perform complex tasks in everyday life. Sup-port vector machine is a relatively newer field in machine learning (neural network also falls in this category) domain. It augments the robustness of machine learning scenario with some new concepts and techniques. Although there are many more extensions of the concept of machine learning and intelligent systems, we confine ourselves to these three topics in this book. We look at some theories on them without assuming much particular background. Following the theoretical basics, we study their applications in various problems in power engineering, like, load forecasting, phase balancing, disturbance analysis and so on. Purpose of these, so called,applicationstudiesinpowerengineeringis todemonstratehowwe canutilize vii ... - tailieumienphi.vn