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Plant Engineers and Managers
Guide to Energy Conservation
Eighth Edition
Albert Thumann, P.E., C.E.M.
THE FAIRMONT PRESS, INC.
Lilburn, Georgia
MARCEL DEKKER, INC.
New York and Basel
iii
Copyright © 2002 by The Fairmont Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Thumann, Albert.
Plant engineers and managers guide to energy conservation/ Albert Thumann--8th ed.
p cm
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88173-384-9 (electronic)
1. Factories--Energy conservation--Handbooks, manual, etc. I. Title.
TJ163.5.F3 T48 2001 658.2`6--dc21
2001045119
Plant engineers and managers guide to energy conservation by Albert Thumann
©2002 by The Fairmont Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc. 700 Indian Trail, Lilburn, GA 30047 tel: 770-925-9388; fax: 770-381-9865 http://www.fairmontpress.com
Distributed by Marcel Dekker, Inc.
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540 http://www.dekker.com
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0-88173-384-9 (The Fairmont Press, Inc.) 0-8247-0925-X (Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
While every effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher, authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions.
Copyright © 2002 by The Fairmont Press.
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO THE ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, AND DESIGNERS WHO ARE IMPROVING
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF OPERATIONS IN A COST-EFFECTIVE MANNER.
Copyright © 2002 by The Fairmont Press.
Contents
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
THE ROLE OF THE PLANT ENGINEER IN ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Survey Of What Industry Is Doing, Results of Industrial Energy Utilization Programs, Organization For Energy Utilization, What Is An Industrial Energy Audit?, The Energy Utilization Program, Energy Accounting, The Language Of The Energy Manager ......
ENERGY ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING
Life Cycle Costing, Using The Payback Period Method, Using Life Cycle Costing, The Time Value Of Money, Investment Decision-Making, The Job Simulation Experience, Making Decisions For Alternate Investments, Depreciation, Tax Reform Act, Computer Analysis .......................................................................................
THE FACILITY SURVEY
Comparing Catalogue Data With Actual Performance, Infrared Equipment, Measuring Electrical System Performance, Tempera-ture Measurements, Measuring Combustion Systems, Measuring Heating, Ventilation And Air-Conditioning (HVAC) System Per-formance.......................................................................................
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION
Applying Proven Techniques To Reduce The Electrical Bill, Why The Plant Manager Should Understand The Electric Rate Struc-ture, Electrical Rate Tariff, Power Basics—The Key To Electrical Energy Reduction, Relationships Between Power, Voltage, And Current, What Are The Advantages Of Power Factor Correction?, Efficient Motors, Synchronous Motors And Power Factor Correc-tion, What Method Should Be Used To Improve The Plant Power Factor?, What Is Load Management?, What Have Been Some Of The Results Of Load Management?, Application Of Automatic Load Shedding, How Does Load Demand Control Work?, The Confusion Over Energy Management Systems, Lighting Basics— The Key To Reducing Lighting Wastes, Lighting Illumination Re-
Copyright © 2002 by The Fairmont Press.
quirements, The Efficient Use of Lamps, Control Equipment, Solid State Ballasts................................................................................
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
UTILITY AND PROCESS SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION Basis Of Thermodynamics, The Carnot Cycle, Use Of The Specific Heat Concept, Practical Applications For Energy Conservation, Furnace Efficiency, Steam Tracing, Heat Recovery, The Mollier Diagram, Steam Generation Using Waste Heat Recovery, Pumps And Piping Systems, Distillation Columns, Incorporation Of En-ergy Utilization In Procurement Specifications .......................
HEAT TRANSFER
The Importance Of Understanding The Principles Of Heat Trans-fer, Three Ways Heat Is Transferred, How To Estimate The Heat Loss Of A Vessel Or Tank, How To Estimate The Heat Loss Of Piping And Flat Surfaces .........................................................
REDUCING BUILDING ENERGY LOSSES
Energy Losses Due To Heat Loss And Heat Gain, Conductivity Through Building Materials, The Effect Of Sunlight, Window Treatments, Building Design Considerations ...........................
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION
Efficient Use Of Heating And Cooling Equipment Saves Dollars, Applying The Heat Pump To Save Energy, Efficient Applications Of Refrigeration Equipment, Basics Of Air Conditioning System Design For Energy Conservation, Applying Variable Air Volume Systems, Applying The Economizer Cycle, Applying Heat Recov-ery, Cool Storage System Performance, Thermal Storage Control Systems, The Ventilation Audit, Energy Analysis Utilizing Simu-lation Programs, Test And Balance Considerations..................
COGENERATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Definition of "Cogeneration," Components of a Cogeneration Sys-tem, An Overview of Cogeneration Theory, Application of the Co-generation Constant, Applicable Systems, Basic Thermodynamic Cycles, Detailed Feasibility Evaluation...................................
Copyright © 2002 by The Fairmont Press.
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