ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE GLOBAL PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CORPORATE STRATEGIES – A European perspective
ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE GLOBAL PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CORPORATE STRATEGIES – A European perspective
Globally, clinker is typically produced in rotary kilns. Rotary kilns can be either wet process or dry process kilns. Wet process rotary kilns are more energy-intensive and have been rapidly phased out over the past few decades in almost all industrialized countries except the US and the former Soviet Union. In comparison to vertical shaft kilns, rotary kilns consist of a longer and wider drum oriented horizontally and at a slight incline on bearings, with raw material entering at the higher end