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- T heme 1: Banking and Finance
balance / 'bæləns /
1. [countable] the amount of money that you have in your bank account
My bank balance isn't very healthy.
2. [countable] the balance of a debt is the amount of money that you still owe after you have paid
some of it
The balance is due at the end of the month.
bureau de change noun / bjʊərəʊ də'ʆɒndʒ / plural a shop where you can change foreign
money
checking account [countable] a bank account that you can take money out of at any time, and
for which you are given checks to use to pay for things
savings account noun [countable] a bank account in which you keep money that you want to
save for a period of time, and which pays you interest on the money you have in it
debit card noun [countable] a plastic card with your signature on that you can use to pay for
things. The money is taken directly from your bank account
credit card noun [countable] a small plastic card that you use to buy goods or services and pay
for them later
We accept all major credit cards.
denomination noun / dɪnɒmɪ'neɪʆən / [countable] the value shown on a coin, paper money, or
a stamp
deposit noun / dɪ'pɒzɪt / [countable]
1. a part of the cost of something you are buying that you pay some time before you pay the rest of it
• a deposit of/ put down a deposit (on something)
A deposit of 10% is required.
We put down a deposit on a house last week.
We ask for one month's rent in advance, plus a deposit of $500.
2. an amount of money that is paid into a bank account ￚ opposite withdrawal
• deposit into
I'd like to make a deposit (=pay some money) into my savings account.
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- ceiling noun / 'siːlɪŋ / [countable] the largest number or amount of something that is officially
allowed
• ceiling of
• impose/set/put a ceiling (on something)
• raise/lower the ceiling (on something)
a public spending ceiling of £240 billion
The government imposed a ceiling on imports of foreign cars.
direct debit noun [uncountable and countable] an instruction you give your bank to pay money
directly out of your account regularly to a particular person or organization
interest rate noun [countable] the percentage amount charged by a bank etc when you borrow
money or paid to you by a bank when you keep money in an account there
loan noun / ləʊn / [countable] an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc
• a loan of
a loan of £60,000
I had to take out a loan to buy my car.
It'll be years before we've paid off the loan.
The organization was allowed to make loans to private businesses.
An interest-free loan fund is available for students who find themselves in unforeseen
financial difficulty.
They were unable to keep up with their loan repayments.
mortgage noun / 'mɔːgɪdʒ/ [countable] a legal arrangement by which you borrow money from a
bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and pay back the money over a period of years
They've taken out a 30 year mortgage (=they will pay for their house over a period of 30
years).
We decided to use Fred's redundancy money to pay off the mortgage.
Mortgage rates are set to rise again in the spring.
She was having trouble meeting her mortgage payments.
mortgage verb [transitive] if you mortgage your home, land, or property, you borrow money,
usually from a bank, and if you cannot pay back the money within a particular period of time, the
bank has the right to sell your property in order to get the money you owe it
We mortgaged our house to start Paul's business.
overdraft noun / 'əʊvədrɑːft / [countable] the amount of money you owe to a bank when you
have spent more money than you had in your account
a £250 overdraft
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- payee noun / peɪ 'iː / [countable] the person or organization to whom money, especially a check,
must be paid
remittance noun / rɪ'mɪtəns /
1. [countable] formal an amount of money that you send to pay for something
2. [uncountable] when you send money
• on remittance of something
We will forward the goods on remittance of £10.
standing order noun [uncountable and countable] an arrangement by which a bank pays a
fixed amount of money from your account every month, year etc ￚ see also direct debit
statement noun / 'steɪtmənt / [countable] a record showing amounts of money paid, received,
owed etc
I haven't received my bank statement for last month yet.
transfer verb / træns 'fɜː/ [transitive] to move money from one account or institution to another
• transfer something (from something) to something
I'd like to transfer $500 to my checking account.
traveler’s check an internationally accepted check for a sum in a particular currency that can
be exchanged elsewhere for local currency or for goods and is usually guaranteed against loss or
theft.
recognize verb /'rekəgnaɪz/[transitive] [not in progressive] to know who someone is or what
something is, because you have seen, heard, experienced, or learned about them in the past
I didn't recognize you in your uniform.
It was malaria, but Dr Lee hadn't recognized the symptoms.
realize verb /'rɪəlaɪz/ to know and understand something, or suddenly begin to understand it
• realize (that)
• realize who/what/how etc
I suddenly realized that the boy was crying.
I'm sorry, I didn't realize who you were.
at somebody's convenience =at a time that is best and easiest for someone
These meals can be prepared in advance, and served at your convenience.
for somebody's convenience
For your convenience, the bank is open until 7 p.m.
authorize verb /'ɔːθəraɪz /[transitive] to give official permission for something
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- • authorize somebody to do something
The city council authorized staff to purchase a new computer system.
p.a. = per annum
a salary of $40,000 per annum
retain verb / rɪ 'teɪn / [transitive] to keep something or continue to have something
You have the right to retain possession of the goods.
The state wants to retain control of food imports.
collective adjective / kə'lektɪv / [only before noun] shared or made by every member of a group
or society
a collective decision made by all board members
our collective responsibility for the environment
affective adjective / ə 'fektɪv / (medical) relating to or having an effect on the emotions
affective disorders
terminate verb / 'tɜːmɪneɪt / = end
The court ruled that the contract must be terminated.
effective adjective / ɪ'fektɪv /
1. successful, and working in the way that was intended
the most effective ways of reducing inner city congestion
2. [no comparative, not before noun] if a law, agreement, or system becomes effective, it officially
starts
• effective from
The cut in interest rates is effective from Monday.
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- T heme 2: Marketing
advertising / 'ædvətaɪzɪŋ / [uncountable] the activity or business of advertising things on
television, in newspapers etc
• television/radio/newspaper advertising
• advertising campaign/strategy
Both candidates are spending millions on television advertising.
the advertising slogan 'Come alive with Pepsi'
advertisement noun / əd 'vɜːtɪsmənt / [countable]
• advertisement for
The Sunday papers are full of advertisements for cars.
They put an advertisement in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right
person.
The organizers of the concert had taken out a full page advertisement in The New York
Times.
brand noun / brænd / [countable] a type of product made by a particular company, that has a
particular name or design
• brand of
What brand of detergent do you use?
distribute verb / dɪ 'strɪbjuːt / [transitive]
1. to share things among a group of people, especially in a planned way
• distribute something among/to somebody
Clothes and blankets have been distributed among the refugees.
a man distributing leaflets to passers-by
2. to supply goods to shops and companies so that they can sell them
Milk is distributed to the local shops by Herald's Dairies.
innovation noun / ɪnə'veɪʆən / [ Countable and Uncountable ] a new idea, method, or invention
• innovation in
recent innovations in English teaching
We must encourage innovation if the company is to remain competitive.
Many people feel bewildered by the speed of. technological innovation.
objective noun / əb 'dʒektɪv / [countable] = goal
He vowed to achieve certain objectives before the end of his presidency.
The degree program has two main objectives.
Managers should set specific performance objectives for their teams.
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- The main objective was to improve children's knowledge of geography.
profit noun / 'prɒfɪt / [uncountable and countable] money that you gain by selling things or doing
business, after your costs have been paid ￚ opposite: loss
Our daily profit is usually around $500.
They sold their house at a healthy profit.
Few independent movies turn a profit.
The property company made a huge profit on the deal.
Profits are up by a third.
Marston’s profits rose last year to $17 million.
The group’s pre-tax profits slumped to £25.5m.
promote verb / prə'məʊt / [transitive]
1. ▶ENCOURAGE◀
a meeting to promote trade between Taiwan and the U.K.
2. ▶BETTER JOB◀
• promote somebody to something
Helen was promoted to senior manager.
3. To help sell a new product, film etc by offering it at a reduced price or by advertising it
She's in London to promote her new book.
purchase verb / 'pɜːtʆəs / [transitive] = buy something
You can purchase insurance on-line.
Where did you purchase the car?
Tickets may be purchased in advance from the box office.
purchase noun [uncountable and countable] formal something you buy, or the act of buying it
• day/date/time of purchase
She paid for her purchases and left.
This product should be consumed on the day of purchase.
I enclose my receipt as proof of purchase.
resource noun / rɪ 'zɔːs /
1 ▶LAND/OIL/COAL ETC◀
Canada's vast mineral resources
a country which is rich in natural resources
2 ▶MONEY/PROPERTY ETC◀ all the money, property, skills etc that you have available to use
when you need them
She had no financial resources.
pool your resources (=put together all the resources that each of you can provide)
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- revenue noun / 'revənjuː/ money that a business or organization receives over a period of time,
especially from selling goods or services
Strikes have cost £20 million in lost revenues.
an increase in tax revenues of 8.4%
revise verb / rɪ'vaɪz / [transitive] to change something because of new information or ideas
The college has revised its plans because of local objections.
We have revised our estimates of population growth.
deadline noun / 'dedlaɪn / [countable] a date or time by which you have to do or complete
something
• deadline for something/ deadline of something
• meet/miss a deadline
• set/impose a deadline
• tight/strict deadline (=a deadline that is difficult)
The deadline for applications is May 27th.
It has to be in before the deadline of July 1st.
working under pressure to meet a deadline
They've set a deadline of Nov 5.
submit verb / səb'mɪt / to give a plan, piece of writing etc to someone in authority for them to
consider or approve
submit an application/claim/proposal etc
All applications must be submitted by Monday
submission noun / səb'mɪʆən /
in-house adjective, adverb working within a company or organization
We have an in-house training unit.
caring adjective / 'keərɪŋ / thinking about what other people need or want and trying to help them
a warm and caring man
a caring attitude
The school aims to educate children in a caring environment.
focus verb / 'fəʊkəs / to give special attention to one particular person or thing
• focus on something; focus your attention/mind/efforts on something
He felt he needed to focus more on his career.
She tried to focus her mind on her work.
We need to focus public attention on this issue.
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- T heme 3: Hospitality
hospitality noun / hɒspɪ'tæləti / [uncountable]
1. friendly behavior towards visitors
Thanks for your hospitality over the past few weeks.
2. services such as food and drink that an organization provides for guests at a special event
Improving customer service is complex and fundamental to all sectors of the hospitality
industry.
bartender / 'bɑːtendə/ someone who makes, pours, and serves drinks in a bar or restaurant
beverage noun / 'bevərɪdʒ / [countable] a hot or cold drink
alcoholic beverages
catering noun / 'keɪtərɪŋ / [uncountable] the activity of providing and serving food and drinks at
parties, meetings etc for money
Who did the catering?
catering business/service etc
cater verb / 'keɪtə/ [intransitive and transitive] to provide and serve food and drinks at a party,
meeting etc, usually as a business
• cater for
This is the biggest event we've ever catered for.
The hostel caters for single people who are unable to find affordable accommodation.
cocktail lounge noun a public room in a hotel, restaurant etc, where you can buy alcoholic
drinks
complimentary adjective / kɒmplɪ'mentəri / given free to people
There was a complimentary bottle of champagne in the hotel room.
I've got some complimentary tickets for the theatre tonight.
hygiene noun / 'haɪdʒiːn / [uncountable] the practice of keeping yourself and the things around
you clean in order to prevent diseases
• good/poor/proper hygiene
the importance of personal hygiene
a food hygiene training course
The restaurant had been shut down following complaints of poor hygiene.
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- front desk noun [uncountable] the desk where visitors go when they arrive at a hotel or
organization
housekeeper noun / 'haʊs kiːpə / [countable] someone who is employed to manage the
cleaning, cooking etc in a house or hotel
landlord noun / 'lændlɔːd / [countable] a man who rents a room, building, or piece of land to
someone
premise noun / 'premɪs / premises [plural] the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant,
company etc uses
• off the premises; on the premises
Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises.
The manager escorted him off the premises.
The wonderful desserts are made on the premises.
reservation noun / rezə 'veɪʆən / [countable] = booking
Customers are advised to make seat reservations well in advance.
Groups of ten or more should make advance reservations.
Many newcomers were upset that they would be unable to camp there after having made
reservations months in advance.
reserve verb / rɪ 'zɜːv / [transitive] = book
• reserve something for somebody/something
I'd like to reserve a table for two.
Do you have to reserve tickets in advance?
seasonal adjective / 'siːzənəl / [usually before noun] happening, expected, or needed during a
particular season
seasonal workers/employment etc
seasonal jobs in the tourist industry
take advantage of something (to do something) to use a particular situation to do
or get what you want
I took advantage of the good weather to paint the shed.
You'll want to take full advantage of the beachfront clubs.
pick verb / pɪk / [transitive] choose a person or thing because they are the best or most suitable
• pick somebody/something for something
• pick somebody/something as something
• pick somebody to do something
Students have to pick three courses from a list of 15. I
I wasn't picked for the hockey team.
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- The hotel was picked as the best small hotel in the area.
He was picked to run in the 100 meters.
minor noun [countable] someone who is below the age at which they become legally responsible
for their actions
This film contains material unsuitable for minors.
tolerate verb / 'tɒləreɪt / [transitive]
1. to allow people to do, say, or believe something without criticizing or punishing them
Drug dealers will not be tolerated in this community.
2. = stand, bear
I told him I wasn't going to tolerate his drinking any longer.
For years the workers have had to tolerate low wages and terrible working conditions.
license noun /'laɪsəns/ [countable] an official document giving you permission to own or do
something for a period of time
The dealers applied for an export license.
He was arrested for driving without a license.
The Tennessee Valley Authority applied for a license to operate the facility.
I forgot to renew my driving license.
licensed adjective / 'laɪsənst / having a license to sell alcoholic drinks
a licensed restaurant
accidental adjective / æksɪ'dentl / happening without being planned or intended opposite:
deliberate
Buy an insurance policy that covers accidental damage
comply verb / kəm 'plaɪ / to do what you have to do or are asked to do
• comply with
Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution.
Companies must comply with European employment laws.
The gas stations that fail to comply with the law will be fined.
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- T heme 4: Office
administration noun / ədmɪnɪ'streɪʆən / [uncountable] the activities that are involved in
managing the work of a company or organization
We're looking for someone with experience in administration.
The health service spends too much on administration.
• the administration (=the people who do this work)
the college administration
agenda noun / ə'dʒendə / [countable] a list of the subjects to be discussed at a meeting
the next item (=subject) on the agenda
Have you got a copy of the agenda for tomorrow's meeting?
executive noun / ɪg 'zekjʊtɪv / [countable] a manager in an organization or company who helps
make important decisions
a marketing executive
top executives on high salaries
flex-time /'flekstaɪm/ American English [uncountable] a system in which people work a particular
number of hours each week or month, but can change the times at which they start and finish each
day
The group members used flex-time without clocks and effectively policed their own team
discipline.
intern noun / 'ɪntɜːn / someone who has nearly finished training as a doctor and is working in a
hospital
She refused to be treated by an intern and demanded to see a qualified doctor.
promotion noun / prə'məʊʆən /
1. [uncountable and countable] a move to a more important job or position in a company or
organization
I want a job with good prospects for promotion.
Your promotion to Senior Editor is now official.
2. [uncountable and countable] an activity intended to help sell a product, or the product that is being
promoted
a winter sales promotion
résumé noun / 'rezjʊmeɪ / [countable] a short written account of your education and your previous
jobs that you send to an employer when you are looking for a new job
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- stationery noun / 'steɪʆənəri / [uncountable] materials that you use for writing, such as paper,
pens, pencils etc
maternity / mə'tɜːnəti / [only before noun] relating to a woman who is pregnant or who has just
had a baby
a blue maternity dress
maternity benefits/pay etc
maternity leave noun [uncountable] time that a mother is allowed to spend away from work
when she has a baby
• on maternity leave
Karen will be on maternity leave next month.
The 42-clause Bill gives pregnant workers the right to a minimum of 14 weeks' maternity
leave.
sick leave noun [uncountable] time that you are allowed to spend away from work because you
are sick
• on sick leave
He has been on sick leave for more than three months.
attach verb / ə'tætʆ / [transitive] to fasten or connect one object to another
• attach something to something
• the attached form/check/leaflet etc
Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
Please fill in and return the attached reply slip.
select verb / sɪ'lekt / [transitive] = choose, pick
• select somebody for something
He had hopes of being selected for the national team.
• select somebody/something as something
York was selected as the site for the research centre.
• select somebody/something from something
They selected the winner from six finalists.
• select somebody to do something
Simon's been selected to go to the conference.
elect verb / ɪ'lekt / [transitive usually passive] to choose someone for an official position by voting
• elect somebody to something
• elect somebody (as) president/leader/mayor etc
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- the country's first democratically elected government
Ken Livingstone was elected (as) mayor of London in May 2000.
T heme 5: Shopping
bar code noun [countable] a group of thin and thick lines printed on products you buy in a shop,
and which a computer can read. It contains information such as the price
bargain noun / 'bɑːgən / [countable] something you buy cheaply or for less than its usual price
There are no bargains in the clothes shops at the moment.
That second-hand table was a real bargain.
Thousands of bargain hunters queued up for hours.
bargain verb to discuss the conditions of a sale, agreement etc, for example to try and get a
lower price
• bargain (with someone) (for/over something)
workers bargaining for better pay
They bargained over the level of wages.
women bargaining with traders
cash register noun a machine used in shops to keep the money in and record the amount of
money received from each sale
discount noun / 'dɪskaʊnt / [countable] a reduction in the usual price of something
• 10% discount/discount of 25% etc
• at a discount
• offer/give somebody a discount (on something)
• discount price/fare/store/shop/warehouse
Members get a 15% discount.
Employees can buy books at a discount.
The Young Persons Railcard gives you a discount on rail travel.
discount airfares to Europe
loyalty card noun [countable] a card given by a shop, supermarket, etc that gives customers
who often buy things there advantages such as lower prices, money back on goods etc
refund noun / 'riːfʌnd / [countable] an amount of money that is given back to you if you are not
satisfied with the goods or services that you have paid for
They refused to give me a refund.
Return your purchase within 14 days for a full refund.
You should go down there and demand a refund.
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- tax refund: money that you get back from the government when it has taken too much money in
taxes from your salary
be out of stock/in stock = be unavailable or available in a particular shop)
I'm sorry, that swimsuit is completely out of stock in your size.
stock verb if a shop stocks a particular product, it keeps a supply of it to sell
We stock a wide range of kitchen equipment.
undersell verb / ʌndə'sel/ to sell goods at a lower price than someone else
further adjective more or additional
• further details/information etc
• a further 10 miles/5 minutes etc
Are there any further questions?
Visit our website for further details.
Cook gently for a further 10 minutes.
until further notice = until you are told that something has changed
Lacunza ordered the suspension of the elections until further notice.
on average based on a calculation about how many times something usually happens, how
much money someone usually gets, how often people usually do something etc
On average, men still earn more than women.
Nearly 80% of Swiss citizens on average turn out to vote.
static adjective / 'stætɪk / not moving, changing, or developing
Economists predict that house prices will remain static for a long period.
contender noun / kən'tendə / [countable] someone or something that is in competition with other
people or things
• a serious/strong/leading etc contender (for something)
a contender for the Democratic nomination
Her new album has to be a strong contender for the Album of the Year award.
peer noun / pɪə/ [countable] [usually plural] formal your peers are the people who are the same age
as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc
American children did less well in math than their peers in Japan.
rival company/firm/team etc
Sheena left her job and went to work for a rival company.
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nguon tai.lieu . vn
