Lecture Mosby's paramedic textbook (4th ed) - Chapter 27: Immunology

9/10/2012 1 Chapter 27 Immunology 2 Lesson 27. 1 Immune System, Allergic Reaction, and Anaphylaxis 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/10/2012 Learning Objectives • Outline the structure of the immune system. • Describe the antigen‐antibody response. • Distinguish between natural and acquired immunity. 4 Learning Objectives • Differentiate between a normal immune response and an allergic reaction. • Distinguish between the four types of hypersensitivity reaction. • Describe signs and symptoms and management of local allergic reactions based on an understanding of the pathophysiology associated with this condition. 5 Learning Objectives • Identify allergens associated with anaphylaxis. • Describe the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and management of non‐systemic allergic reaction. • Describe the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and management of anaphylaxis. 6 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/10/2012 Immune System Overview • Complex network of cells, tissues, organs – Work together to protect body against “attacks” by foreign substances – Most are pathogenic microbes or pathogens – Examples • Bacteria • Parasites • Fungi • Viruses that can cause infection 7 Immune System Overview • Primary role – Prevent these foreign substances from entering body – If fails, launch attack so foreign bodies are found and destroyed • Organs of immune system include spleen, tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, thymus – Organs are positioned throughout body – Important outposts for lymphocytes—“key players” in immune system 8 9 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 3 9/10/2012 Lymphocyte • Fundamental cellular unit of immune system • 25 percent of circulating white blood cells are lymphocytes • Divided into two major classes – B lymphocytes (B cells) – T lymphocytes (T cells) – Roles are different and complimentary 10 Lymphocyte • B cells produce antibodies – Antibodies are proteins, not cells • “Magic bullets” that seek out specific invaders (antigens) – Antigens have marker molecules that identify them as foreign • When found, antibodies trigger process that destroys them – Antibodies in blood and lymph make up humoral immunity • Humoral immunity responds to antigens, such as bacteria and foreign tissue 11 Lymphocyte • T cells – Respond only to specific organisms – Three varieties of T cells • Killer T cells (TK cells): attack invading organism with chemicals • Helper T cells (TH cells): encourage B cells to produce antibodies • Suppressor T cells (TS cells): help regulate immune response to protect body from its own defense 12 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 4 9/10/2012 Lymphocyte • T cells – Work of T cells is called cell‐mediated immunity • Does not involve antibodies • Activates lymphocytes that attack and destroy foreign material 13 14 Natural and Acquired Immunity • Once B cells and T cells have been activated by antigen, some become memory cells – Many memory cells take up permanent residence in lymph nodes, GI tract, and spleen – Others travel through lymphatic system and bloodstream – There they join with other lymphocytes and remain on guard for their chosen antigen 15 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 5 ... - tailieumienphi.vn