Lecture Mosby's paramedic textbook (4th ed) - Chapter 22: Cardiology

9/10/2012 1 Chapter 22 Cardiology 2 Lesson 22.1 Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Heart Anatomy, and Physiology 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/10/2012 Learning Objectives • Identify risk factors and prevention strategies associated with cardiovascular disease. • Describe the normal anatomy and physiology of the heart. 4 Morbidity Rates • MI death rates have declined over past several decades due to – Heightened public awareness – Increased availability of automated external defibrillators – Improved cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy – Use of cardiovascular drugs by persons at high risk – Improved revascularization techniques – Improved, more aggressive risk factor modification 5 Risk Factors/Modifications • Risks for cardiovascular disease – Advanced age – Male sex – Diabetes – Hypertension – Hypercholesterolemia – Hyperlipidemia – Family history of premature cardiovascular disease – Known coronary artery disease 6 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/10/2012 Risk Factors/Modifications • Risks increased with – Obesity – Smoking – Sedentary lifestyle 7 Risk Factors/Modifications • Modifiable risk factors – Cessation of smoking – Medical management and control of blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol, and lipid disorders – Exercise – Weight loss – Diet – Stress reduction 8 Risk Factors/Modifications • Modifying risk factors can slow arterial disease development and reduce rate of – MI – Sudden death – Renal failure – Stroke 9 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 3 9/10/2012 Prevention Strategies • Paramedics can support and practice prevention strategies – Educational programs about nutrition in their communities – Cessation of smoking • Smoking prevention for children – Early recognition and management of hypertension and cardiac symptoms – Prompt intervention • CPR • Early use of automated external defibrillator 10 Heart Anatomy • Muscular organ with four chambers • Cone shaped • Size of man`s closed fist • Lies just to left of midline of thorax 11 12 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 4 9/10/2012 Heart Anatomy • Enclosed in pericardial sac lined with parietal layers of serous membrane that form wall of heart – Outer layer (epicardium) – Middle layer (myocardium) – Inner layer (endocardium) 13 Heart Anatomy • Chambers – Right atrium • Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic veins – Right ventricle – Left atrium • Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins – Left ventricle 14 Heart Anatomy • Valves – Keep blood flowing in right direction – Atrioventricular (cuspid) valves • Located between atria and ventricles – Semilunar valves • Located at large vessels leaving ventricles – Right atrioventricular valve • Tricuspid valve – Left atrioventricular valve • Bicuspid or mitral valve 15 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 5 ... - tailieumienphi.vn