Lecture Mosby's paramedic textbook (4th ed) - Chapter 13: Principles of pharmacology and emergency medications

9/10/2012 1 Chapter 13 Principles of Pharmacology and Emergency Medications 2 Lesson 13.1 Drug Information and Historical Trends 3 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 1 9/10/2012 Learning Objectives • Explain what a drug is. • Identify the four types of drug names. 4 Learning Objectives • Explain the meaning of drug terms that are necessary to interpret information in drug references safely. • Outline drug standards and legislation and the enforcement agencies pertinent to the paramedic profession. 5 Historical Trends • Pharmacology science may date back to 10,000 to 7,000 BC – Medicinal herbs thought to be grown by humans in Neolithic period • Unknown if they had healing properties – Medicines mentioned in the bible • Gums • Spices • Oils • Maybe narcotics 6 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 2 9/10/2012 Historical Trends • Plant‐derived drugs used heavily throughout the Middle Ages – Digestives – Laxatives – Diuretics 7 8 Historical Trends • “Chemical medicine” concept born in 17th century – Some still used today • Opium (morphine) – 19th century, accurate drug dosage studies led to manufacturing plants to produce drugs • Knowledge of expected drug actions became more exact 9 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 3 9/10/2012 Historical Trends • 20th and 21st centuries, important drug discoveries – Insulin – Antibiotics – Fibrinolytics – Had major effects on common illnesses • Diabetes • Bacterial infections • Cardiovascular disease 10 Historical Trends • Modern health care, pharmaceutics going through many changes – Consumer awareness • Responsibility for their health, wellness – Disease prevention • Actively seek to develop new drugs, treatments, cures to prevent diseases 11 Historical Trends • Orphan drugs – Federal government provides incentives to research, develop less profitable drugs – Treat rare, chronic diseases • Hemophilia • Leprosy • Cushing’s syndrome • Tourette’s syndrome 12 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 4 9/10/2012 Historical Trends • Investigational drugs – Under study – Not yet approved for sale by FDA – Clinical trials 13 Drug Names • Drug defined as “any substance taken by mouth, injected into muscle, blood vessel, body cavity, applied topically, to treat or prevent disease or condition” • Drugs identified or derived from five major sources – Plants (alkaloids, glycosides, gums, oils) – Animals and human beings – Minerals, mineral products – Microorganisms – Chemical substances made in laboratory 14 Drug Names • Identified by four name types – Chemical name • Exact description • Describes drug chemical composition, molecular structure – Generic name (nonproprietary name) • Often abbreviated form of chemical name • More commonly used than chemical name • Usually have same therapeutic efficacy as nongeneric drugs, generally less expensive • Official name approved by FDA 15 Copyright © 2013 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 5 ... - tailieumienphi.vn