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Chapter 14
One Last Time: a Review of the School as a Social System
W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011
McGrawHill/Irwin © 2013 McGrawHill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
Social System Model for Schools
Environment
Inputs
Environmenta l constraints
Human and
Transformation Process
Structural System (Bureaucratic Expectations)
Outputs
Achievement
Job satisfaction
capital resources Mission and board policy Materials and
methods
Cultural System (Shared Orientations)
Individual System (Cognition and Motivation)
Political System (Power Relations)
Absenteeism
Dropout rate
Overall quality
Discrepancy between Actual and Expected Performance
W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 142
Internal Elements of School Social System
• Structure and Authority
• Individuals and Motivation • Culture and Climate
• Power and Politics
• Teaching and Learning
W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 143
External Environments of School Social System
• Legislative Forces • Economic Forces • Political Forces
• Resources • Institutions
• Community Agencies
W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 144
School Effectiveness
• Academic Achievement
• Student Social Emotional Development • Teacher Satisfaction
• Ability to Adapt and Innovate
• Subjective and Objective Measures • Harmonious and Efficient Operation
• Effectiveness is the congruence between the desired and actual performance of organization.
W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 145
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