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Chapter 4:
Tests of grammar & usage
Heaton, J.B. (1988). Writing English Language Tests. Longman
1. multiple choice items 2. error recognition items 3. rearrange items
4. completion items
5. transformation items
6. items involving the changing of words 7. ‘broken sentence’ items
8. pairing and matching items 9. combination items
10. addition items
1. Multiple choice items
the incomplete statement type with a choice of four or five options
Seven types of multiple – choice items in the textbook; however, item types 2 & 3 are preferable because the options do not interrupt the flow of meaning in the sentence: these items present the entire sentence so that it can be read at a glance. (read page 34 – 39)
Constructing multiple choice items
Use samples of students own written work to provide the basis for the test items.
Constructors of classroom tests and school achievement tests should take advantage of the types of errors made by students in their free composition and openended answers to questions.
2. Constructing error recognition multiplechoice items
Type 1: Each sentence contains 4 words or phrases underlined, marked A, B, C and D. Select the underlined word or phrase which is incorrect or unacceptable. (TOEIC &TOEFL)
Type 2: Each sentence is divided into 4 parts by slashes (//). Each part is marked by A, B, C and D. This item type allows test writer to test errors caused by omission. In practice, this method doesn’t work well. (page 40)
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