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Chapter 15
Human Movement in a Fluid Medium
Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
McGrawHill/Irwin © 2012 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Nature of Fluids
What is a fluid?
• a substance that flows or continuously deforms when subjected to a
shear stress
• both liquids and gases are fluids
• air and water are fluids that commonly exert forces on the human body
Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D. 15-2
The Nature of Fluids
What is relative velocity?
(velocity of a body with respect to the velocity of something else, such as the surrounding fluid)
Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D. 15-3
The Nature of Fluids
Velocity of cyclist relative to wind (20 m/s) Cyclist’s velocity (15 m/s)
Head wind velocity
(5 m/s)
Velocity of cyclist relative to wind (10 m/s) Cyclist’s velocity (15 m/s)
Tail wind velocity (5 m/s)
vc/w = vc vw
Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D. 15-4
The Nature of Fluids
What is laminar flow?
Laminar flow is characterized by smooth, parallel layers of fluid.
Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition
By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D. 15-5
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