Is Human Reproductive Cloning Inevitable: Future Options for UN Governance

UNU-IAS Report Is Human Reproductive Cloning Inevitable: Future Options for UN Governance This report was prepared by: Chamundeeswari Kuppuswamy Darryl Macer Mihaela Serbulea Brendan Tobin Comments and feedback on this are sought. Please contact the following: Biodiplomacy Programme United Nations University – Institute of Advanced Studies, 6F, International Organizations Center, Pacifico – Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-8502, Japan Fax: +81-45-221-2303 Email: chamu@justice.com, d.macer@unescobkk.org, serbulea_m@hotmail.com, tobin@ias.unu.edu 4 Contents Preface 2 Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Section I – Cloning 5 Understanding Cloning 5 Reproductive Cloning 6 Research Cloning 7 New Genetics and Cloning 8 Section II - Ethics and Cloning 9 Human Dignity 9 a) Persona, Perceived and Legal Dignity 10 b) Dignity of the individual or of Society 10 c) Research Cloning 11 Cloning and Nature 12 Human Health 12 Social Justice 13 Freedon of Research and Choice 14 Input of Ethics into Governance 14 Section III - International Governance of Cloning 16 The General Assembly and the Cloning Debate 16 The Ad Hoc Committee 16 The Sixth Committee 16 The Deadlock 17 Pragmatism and Belief 17 From Convention to Declaration 18 The UN Declaration on Human Cloning 19 Legal Status of the Declarations 19 The Formation of Customary International Law 19 Reproductive Cloning and Customary International Law 20 State Practice Relating to Reproductive Cloning 21 The Problems and Advantages of Customary International Law 23 Research Cloning and International Law 23 Section IV - Future Options for International Governance of Cloning 26 a) A Total Ban on all Cloning Research 27 b) Ban on Reproductive Cloning 28 c) Ban Reproductive Cloning and Sllow Research Cloning 28 d) Ban Reproductive Cloning, Allow Research Cloning for 10 years 28 e) Moratorium on Reproductive and Research Cloning 28 Conclusions 29 1 ... - tailieumienphi.vn