Introduction to Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (114016) - Lecture Notes

Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Eyal Buks Introduction to Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics (114016) -Lecture Notes April 13, 2011 Technion Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Preface to be written... Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Contents 1. The Principle of Largest Uncertainty . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1.1 Entropy in Information Theory.. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1.1.1 Example - Two States System . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1.1.2 Smallest and Largest Entropy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1.1.3 The composition property .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 1.1.4 Alternative Definition of Entropy. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 1.2 Largest Uncertainty Estimator . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 1.2.1 Useful Relations. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 1.2.2 The Free Entropy . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 1.3 The Principle of Largest Uncertainty in Statistical Mechanics 14 1.3.1 Microcanonical Distribution . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 1.3.2 Canonical Distribution .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 1.3.3 Grandcanonical Distribution .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 1.3.4 Temperature and Chemical Potential . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 1.4 Time Evolution of Entropy of an Isolated System . .. .. .. .. .. 18 1.5 Thermal Equilibrium .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 1.5.1 Externally Applied Potential Energy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 1.6 Free Entropy and Free Energies . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 1.7 Problems Set 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 1.8 Solutions Set 1 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 2. Ideal Gas . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 2.1 A Particle in a Box .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 2.2 Gibbs Paradox .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 2.3 Fermions and Bosons .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 2.3.1 Fermi-Dirac Distribution .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 51 2.3.2 Bose-Einstein Distribution . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 2.3.3 Classical Limit . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 2.4 Ideal Gas in the Classical Limit . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 2.4.1 Pressure . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 2.4.2 Useful Relations. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 2.4.3 Heat Capacity .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 57 2.4.4 Internal Degrees of Freedom .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 57 2.5 Processes in Ideal Gas . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 ... - tailieumienphi.vn