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ATTACHMENT 11
Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
CARD Project 017/06VIE - Sustainable community-based forest development and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan Province
Report on
Repeat Survey of Four Pilot Villages in
Van Minh and Lang San Communes
Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
March 2010
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Table of contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 3 2. Objective of survey......................................................................................................... 3 3. Methodology................................................................................................................... 3 4. Survey results.................................................................................................................. 4 4.1 Basic information of households .................................................................................. 4 4.1.1 Ethnic minority group and gender ratio................................................................. 4 4.1.2 Household wealth ranking and food security status .............................................. 4 4.1.3 Household land status............................................................................................ 5 4.1.4 Income and expenditure status in household production....................................... 6 (P.Ex: production expenditure) .......................................................................................... 7 4.2 CARD project’s supported activities............................................................................ 7 4.3 Household forest management and development status............................................... 8 4.4 Benefit of forest management and development .......................................................... 9 4.4.1 Benefit of forest management by village’s regulation........................................... 9 4.4.2 Benefit of community based forest management................................................. 10 4.5 Difficulties and solutions for forestry development ................................................... 10 4.5.1 Difficulties and solutions for development of allocated household forest .......... 10 4.5.2 Difficulties and solutions in community forest management.............................. 11 4.6 Impact of CARD project on community based forest management (benefits)........... 12
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1. Introduction
The CARD 017-06 VIE project aims to empower ethnic minority people in four pilot villages in Van Minh and Lang San communes in Kim Hy nature Reserve, Na Ri district, Bac Kan province. This project will be implemented with local authority cooperation in forest land use planning, land allocation and use. It includes capacity building activities at community and government levels, provide technical and institutional supports. This project will provide support to improve livelihood of disadvantaged households and ethnic minority people through empowering forest management right and forest land use right and benefit from these resources. These systems will be set up to prevent of forest land degradation and better manage forest resources. The development of information systems, experiences and training methods will be shared with other communes in the district and extended to other relevant parts of the province and northern mountainous regions through stakeholders and other information dissemination methods.
The project Goal is
Sustainable improvement in livelihood security of disadvantaged forest-dependent people in northern mountainous areas, through empowerment of access to forest and forest land, influence over forest land management, conservation of the natural resources and development of relevant skills
In the beginning of project implementation in 2007, an socio-economic survey in four pilot villages of Na Muc, Khuoi Lieng, Ban Sang and Toddoc was carried to collect baseline information which was then used as a basis to formulate many subsequent activities, such as land use planning and land allocation, CFM guidelines and CFM plans. After nearly three years, a repeat survey of these four villages to assess project outputs and benefits. The results of this survey is reported here.
2. Objective of survey
This repeat survey was conducted to determine the changes in socio-economic status, allocated forest land use status, and community forest manangement status in the four pilot villages of Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng of Van Minh comune and Ban Sang and Todooc of Lang San commune in the CARD project area over the past three years.
3. Methodology
The survey team from Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry conducted interview of households participated in the CARD project in the four villages using questionnaires. Representative of households in interview was head of the households. Database of household production in 2009 was built from the questionnaires. The data was then filtered for outliers and analyzed using SPSS software program.
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4. Survey results
4.1 Basic information of households
4.1.1 Ethnic minority group and gender ratio
Ethnic minority and gender ratio of household heads are presented in Table 01. The Table shows that head of households is mostly male. The highest male ratio is in Na Muc village with 90.5%, followed by To Dooc with 72.7%, Khuoi Lieng 70.6% and Ban Sang 68.2%. The survey was conducted with the participation of representatives of various ethnic minority group living in the project area, including Tay, Nung, Dao, Kinh and Man. The majority of interviewees belonged to Tay, Nung and Dao ethnic minority. There are more Tay people in Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng villages, while Dao ethnic group dominate in To Dooc and Ban Sang villages.
Table 01. Ethnic minority group and gender ratio
No.
1
Gender/ethnic minority
Head of Male household Female
Dao
Van Minh
Na Muc Khuoi Lieng Person % Person %
19 90.5 24 70.6 2 9.5 10 29.4 1 4.8 5 14.7
Lang San
To ðooc Ban Sang Person % Person %
8 72.7 45 68.2 3 27.3 21 31.8 0 0 4 6.1
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Ethnic minority
Total
Kinh 0 0 2 5.9 Man 0 0 0 0 Nung 0 0 2 5.9 Tay 20 95.2 25 73.5
21 34
0 0 2 3 0 0 1 1.5
10 90.9 37 56.1 1 9.1 22 33.3
11 66
4.1.2 Household wealth ranking and food security status
Household wealth ranking was based on official criteria of the Ministry of Labor, Invalid and Social Affairs of Vietnam Government (MOLISA). Annual household income in 2009 was determined as official indicator of this ranking. Results of household wealth ranking and food security status are presented in Table 02. Data in Table 02 indicates that most households were average and poor in the four villages. While rich household rate varied from 6.1% to 19% among the four villages. In comparison with 2006, the poverty rate decreased considerably from 56.3% in 2006 to 37.9% in 2009. The average household rate increased from 30.4% to 52.3%. There were no rich household; this is partly due to change in official criteria of MOLISA since 2009.
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Table 02. Household wealth ranking and food security status in 2009
Van Minh Classification Na Muc
hhd % 1. Rich 0 0 2. Better-off 4 19
3. Average 15 71.4 4. Poor 2 9.5 Household’s food security status
1. Sufficient 21 100 2. Lack below 3 months 0 0
3. Lack from 3-6 months 0 0 4. Lack above 6 months 0 0 Total 21
Khuoi Lieng hhd %
0 0
3 8.8 10 29.4 21 61.8
18 52.9 10 29.4 5 14.7 1 2.9 34
Lang San To ðooc hhd % 0 0
2 18.2 6 54.6 3 27.3
5 45.5 2 18.2 4 36.4 0 0
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Ban Sang Total hhd % hhd % 0 0 0 0
4 6.1 13 9.8 38 57.6 69 52.3 24 36.4 50 37.9
39 59.1 83 63 13 19.7 25 18.4 11 16.7 20 15.3 3 4.5 4 3.3 66 132
With regard to household food security, Table 02 indicates that food security status varied considerably between villages. Only households in Na Muc village had no food shortage problem at all. About half of the households in the other three villages had sufficient food for whole year. 14.7% to 36.4% faced food shortage for 3-6 months. A few households in Khuoi Lieng and Ban Sang faced food shortage more than 6 months per year. In general, most households in the project four pilot villages still face socio-economic difficulty.
4.1.3 Household land status
Due to the complexity of moutainous topography in the two communes and poor road condition, the main income of households came from agricultural production and forestry activities. The survey indicates that spring rice, summer rice and corn are the three main crops in crop production of communities. Most agricultural land is mainly cultivated for one crop per year. The two-crop rice area is very small because of lack of irrigation system. Land status of households participated in the CARD project is presented in Table 03. Data in Table 03 indicates that average agriculture and forestry area per household in Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng villages are higher than those in To Dooc and Ban Sang. However, forest land belongs mainly to natural forest area. Production forest area is quite small. The highest production forest area is only 3.6 ha/household in Khuoi Lieng, and the lowest in To Dooc village with 0.36 ha/household. Table 03 also indicates that new planted forest area is small, accounting for about 40% of production forest area. This suggests that attention of local people in forestry economic development is still low.
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