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ARMY TM 5-814-7 HAZARDOUS WASTE LAND DISPOSAL/LAND TREATMENT FACILITIES H E A D Q U A R T E R S D E P A R T M E N T OF T H E A R M Y NOVEMBER 1984 TM 5-814-7 REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZATION/RESTRICTIONS This manual has been prepared by or for the Government and is public property and not subject to copyright. Reprints or reproductions of this manual should include a credit substantially as follows: "Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 5-814-7, Hazardous Waste Land Disposal/Land Treatment Facilities, date." TECHNICAL MANUAL No. 5-814-7 } TM 5-814-7 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, DC 29 November 1984 HAZARDOUS WASTE LAND DISPOSAL/ LAND TREATMENT FACILITIES Paragraph Page Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 1-1 1-1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 1-2 1-1 2. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Federal regulations................................................................................................................. 2-1 2-1 State and local regulatory requirements ................................................................................. 2-2 2-1 Army regulations..................................................................................................................... 2-3 2-2 3. PRE-DESIGN EVALUSTION OF SITE CONDITIONS Environmental and sociopolitical conditions ........................................................................... 3-1 3-1 Review of relevant site data.................................................................................................... 3-2 3-1 Hydrogeologic conditions........................................................................................................ 3-3 3-2 Climate elements.................................................................................................................... 3-4 3-4 Impact of site conditions on selection of disposal method ...................................................... 3-5 3-4 Design requirements imposed by hydrogeologic conditions................................................... 3-6 3-5 4. DISPOSAL AND HANDLING CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY WASTE COMPOSITION Impact of waste stream on selection of disposal type ............................................................ 4-1 4-1 Design and handling constraints imposed by waste composition ........................................... 4-2 4-1 Waste analysis plan................................................................................................................ 4-3 4-1 5. LAND DISPOSAL/LAND TREATMENT OPTIONS Introduction............................................................................................................................. 5-1 5-1 Landfills................................................................................................................................... 5-2 5-3 Surface impoundments........................................................................................................... 5-3 5-4 Land treatment........................................................................................................................ 5-4 5-7 Deep well injection.................................................................................................................. 5-5 5-12 Waste piles ............................................................................................................................. 5-6 5-13 6. HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY DESIGN ELEMENTS Introduction............................................................................................................................. 6-1 6-1 Flood control systems............................................................................................................. 6-2 6-1 Liner systems.......................................................................................................................... 6-3 6-1 Leak detection and leachate collection and removal systems ................................................ 6-4 6-11 Surface water run-on and run-off control systems .................................................................. 6-5 6-14 Gas control systems ............................................................................................................... 6-6 6-21 Final cover .............................................................................................................................. 6-7 6-22 Special design elements......................................................................................................... 6-8 6-25 7. OPERATIONS AND CONTINGENCY PLANS/TRAINING Operations .............................................................................................................................. 7-1 7-1 Permit application assistance ................................................................................................. 7-2 7-2 Contingency plans .................................................................................................................. 7-3 7-2 Personnel requirements, training, and safety ......................................................................... 7-4 7-2 8. GROUND-WATER MONITORING Introduction............................................................................................................................. 8-1 8-1 Monitoring requirements ......................................................................................................... 8-2 8-1 Monitoring program................................................................................................................. 8-3 8-1 9. CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLANS Introduction............................................................................................................................. 9-1 9-1 Closure procedures ................................................................................................................ 9-2 9-1 Components of closure plan ................................................................................................... 9-3 9-1 Post-closure plans .................................................................................................................. 9-4 9-2 10. COST ANALYSIS Cost elements......................................................................................................................... 10-1 10-1 Unit costs ............................................................................................................................... 10-2 10-1 Appendix A REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... A-1 B FEDERAL AND STATE HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS........................................... B-1 C EXAMPLE DESIGN PROBLEM.............................................................................................. C-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................................................................................BIBLIO-1 i TM 5-814-7 Figure 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-7 6-8 6-9 6-10 8-1 8-2 Table 3-1 3-2 5-1 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-7 10-1 LIST OF FIGURES Page Illustrative hazardous waste master plan 5-2 Landfill operations plan 5-5 Land treatment area details 5-9 Land treatment operations plan 5-11 Deep injection well 5-14 Flood control structures 6-2 Base liner details for landfills and surface impoundments 6-5 Base liner details for waste piles 6-6 Typical clay liner compatibility evaluation 6-10 Typical leak detection systems and leachate collection drains 6-13 Typical run on control ditches 6-16 Typical run-on control ditch for waste units 6-17 Typical run-off control ditch for final cover areas 6-18 Run-on sedimentation control run-off retention basins 6-20 Final cover details 6-23 Monitoring well details 8-3 Monitoring well installations 8-4 LIST OF TABLES Composition and quantity data resources 3-2 Design/operational requirements imposed by hydrogeologic conditions 3-6 Design features required by RCRA for DA land disposal and treatment facilities 5-1 Requirements for liner systems 6-3 Summary of liner types 6-7 Seaming provisions for synthetic liners 6-11 Requirements for leachate collection and removal systems 6-12 Requirements for surface water run on and run-off control systems 6-15 Requirements for final cover at closure 6-22 Requirements for special design elements 6-26 Summary of unit costs for lined facility 10-1 ii TM 5-814-7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. Purpose 1-2. Scope The purpose of TM 5-814-7 is to establish Army design The regulatory framework for these design standards is criteria that comply with the national goal of ground-water described in chapter 2 of the manual; as noted protection. On the Federal level, subtitle C of the throughout this manual, where Army criteria are more Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of stringent than other regulatory standards, the Army 1976 (42 United States Code [USC] 6901 et. seq.) criteria are preeminent. Chapter 3 addresses pre-design promulgated standards for the management of evaluation of site conditions, the important first step the hazardous wastes. Of particular interest to the design design engineer must take prior to developing design engineer in subtitle C of (RCRA) are design standards criteria for a facility. Another essential pre-design for land disposal/land treatment facilities presented in 40 consideration, disposal and handling constraints Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 264. This section of imposed by waste composition, is addressed in chapter the law presents two sets of performance standards 4. The heart of the design manual lies in chapters 5 and applicable to this technical manual-one for land 6. Chapter 5 describes landfills, impoundments, land disposal/land treatment facilities and the other for treatment, deep well injections and waste piles with ground-water monitoring. The performance standards respect to waste suitability, disposal constraints, are directed toward (1) minimization of leachate procedures and equipment; chapter 6 presents the generation in the waste management facilities and specific engineering design elements for the five disposal removal of leachate produced before it can enter the options. Summarized in chapters 7 through 9 are plans subsurface environment (subparts K through N), and (2) and monitoring requirements for hazardous waste land backup ground-water monitoring and response programs disposal/land treatment facilities generally dictated by 40 to remove any detected leachate from the ground water CFR 264. Cost elements for lined hazardous waste (subpart F). facilities are described in chapter 10. 1-1 ... - tailieumienphi.vn
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