Hazardous Chemicals Handbook Second edition Phillip

Hazardous Chemicals Handbook Hazardous Chemicals Handbook Second edition Phillip Carson PhD MSc AMCT CChem FRSC FIOSH Head of Science Support Services, Unilever Research Laboratory, Port Sunlight, UK Clive Mumford BSc PhD DSc CEng MIChemE Consultant Chemical Engineer Oxford Amsterdam Boston London San Francisco Singapore New York Paris San Diego Sydney Tokyo Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 First published 1994 Second edition 2002 Copyright © 1994, 2002, Phillip Carson, Clive Mumford. All rights reserved The right of Phillip Carson and Clive Mumford to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 4888 0 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at www.bh.com Typeset at Replika Press Pvt Ltd, Delhi 110 040, India Printed and bound in Great Britain Contents Preface to the second edition ix Preface to the first edition xi 1 Introduction 1 2 Terminology 10 3 General principles of chemistry 21 Introduction 21 Atoms and molecules 21 Periodic table 22 Valency 23 Chemical bonds 24 Oxidation/Reduction 25 Physical state 26 Acids 26 Bases 27 Halogens 28 Metals 29 Oxygen and sulphur 30 Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic and antimony 31 pH 32 Salts 32 Organic chemistry 32 Combustion chemistry 40 Chemical reactivity 42 4 Physicochemistry 45 Vapour pressure 45 Gas–liquid solubility 46 Liquid-to-vapour phase change 47 Solid-to-liquid phase change 47 Density differences of gases and vapours 47 Density differences of liquids 49 Immiscible liquid–liquid systems 49 Vapour flashing 50 ... - tailieumienphi.vn