HANDBOOK FOR BLAST-RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

HANDBOOK FOR BLAST-RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDINGS HANDBOOK FOR BLAST-RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDINGS Edited by Donald O. Dusenberry JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. To my wife, Alice This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Copyright ° 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. 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TH1097.H36 2010 693.8054–dc22 2009019203 ISBN: 978-0-470-17054-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Preface xv Contributors xix I DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 1 1 General Considerations for Blast-Resistant Design 3 Donald O. Dusenberry 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Design Approaches 4 1.3 The Blast Environment 5 1.4 Structure As an Influence on Blast Loads 6 1.5 Structural Response 8 1.6 Nonstructural Elements 9 1.7 Effect of Mass 10 1.8 Systems Approach 12 1.9 Information Sensitivity 13 1.10 Summary 14 References 15 2 Design Considerations 17 Robert Ducibella and James Cunningham 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 A New Paradigm for Designing Blast-Resistant Buildings, Venues, and Sites 18 2.3 A Brief History of Recent Terrorist Attacks 21 2.3.1 Terrorists’ Use of Explosives 21 2.3.2 Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices 22 2.3.3 Person-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices 24 2.3.4 Locally Available Explosives 25 2.3.5 Some Counterterrorism Considerations 27 2.4 Collaborating to Analyze Risk 28 2.4.1 Step 1—Threat Identification and Rating 28 2.4.2 Step 2—The Asset Value Assessment 31 2.4.3 Step 3—The Vulnerability Assessment 34 v vi CONTENTS 2.4.4 Step 4—The Risk Assessment 38 2.4.5 Step 5—Considering Mitigation Options 39 2.4.6 The Continuing Role of Risk Management 40 2.5 Consequence Management 42 2.5.1 Consequence Evaluation 44 2.5.2 Function Redundancy 48 2.5.3 Building Location 51 2.5.4 BuildingDispersal/DistributionofFunctionalPrograms 54 2.5.5 Disaster Recovery and Contingency Planning 56 2.6 Threat Reduction 57 2.6.1 Accidental Explosions 59 2.6.2 Intentional Explosions 60 2.7 Vulnerability Reduction 63 2.7.1 Standoff Distance 64 2.7.2 Physical Security 65 2.7.3 Operational Security 65 2.7.4 Structural Design 65 2.8 Risk Acceptance 70 2.8.1 Design to Threat 71 2.8.2 Design to Budget 73 2.9 Some Recent Examples of Security Design “Best Practices” 75 2.10 Related Phenomena 76 2.10.1 Progressive Collapse 77 2.10.2 Disruption of Evacuation, Rescue, and Recovery Systems 79 2.10.3 Attendant Fires 81 2.11 Security Design Consideration Guidelines 83 2.12 Conclusion 84 References 85 3 Performance Criteria for Blast-Resistant Structural Components 87 Charles J. Oswald 3.1 Introduction 87 3.2 Building and Component Performance Criteria 88 3.3 Response Parameters 91 3.4 Empirical Correlations between Response Parameters and Component Damage 95 3.5 Response Criteria Development 99 3.5.1 Explosive Safety Criteria 99 3.5.2 Response Criteria for Antiterrorism 102 3.5.3 Response Criteria for Blast-Resistant Design of Petrochemical Facilities 105 3.5.4 Blast Resistant Doors 107 3.5.5 Blast-Resistant Windows 109 ... - tailieumienphi.vn