Xem mẫu
Chapter 4
ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
Objectives
• P r o v i d i n g knovvledge ô n environment and health.
• I m p r o v i n g reading skills: ansvvering pre- reading questions about texts,
scanning, s k i m m i n g , detailed reading, a p p l y i n g true/ false questions to texts.
• F o r m i n g appropriate manner.
Contents
• I n í o r m a t i o n ô n conservation, air p o l l u t i o n , healthy diets.
• The use and í ò r m a t i o n ô n the gerund, prepositions f o l l o w i n g adịectives.
• V o c a b u l a r y r e l a t i n g to environment and health.
55
U n i t l
C O N S E R V A T I O N
Pre-reading
Ì . W h a t are natural resources?
2. W h y do we need to conserve natural resources?
Conservation is the safeguarding and preservation o f n a t u r a l resources, so
thát they can continue to be used and erỹoyed. I n the past, m o s t
people
believed t h á t the w o r l d ' s resources c o u l d never be used ú p . T o d a y , w e k n o w
thát this is n ó t t r ú c A n i m p o r t a n t part o f conservation is t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f
waste- waste o f í o r e s t s , s o i l , w i l d l i f e , minerals and h u m a n l i v e s . A s important
is the íĩght against p o l l u t i o n o f our e n v i r o n m e n t , i n p a r t i c u l a r , the d i r t y i n g and
poisoning o f air and vvater. Conservation is also concerned w i t h the r e c l a i m i n g
o f land b y i r r i g a t i n g deserts, d r a i n i n g swamps or p u s h i n g b a c k the sea.
Farmers can protect their land b y yearly r o t a t i o n o f crops- t h á t is, g r o w i n g
d i f f e r e n t crops ô n the same land f r o m year to year. I n this w a y , d i f f e r e n t
elements o f the soil have t i m e to replace lost elements. F a r m e r s c a n h e l p enrich
the soil by a d d i n g f e r t i l i z e r s . T h e y can prevent erosion b y p l o u g h i n g a l o n g the
contours o f a h i u rather than ú p and d o w n . I n this w a y w a t e r does n ó t r u n o f f
and take the soil w i t h Ít.
Trees and shrubs are also needed to preserve l a n d because t h e i r roots bind
the soil and retain vvater. W h e n a l l the trees i n a r e g i o n are c ú t , the s o i l can
easily become loose and b l o w away.
Forests provide t i m b e r , one o f M a n ' s most valuable resources, b ú t they
must be managed c a r e í u l l y . O n l y mature trees should be c ú t , l e a v i n g the y o u n g
ones to g r o w bigger.
56
T o protect w i l d - l i f e , many countries have passed laws r e s t r i c t i n g h u n t i n g
and í i s h i n g . W i l d - l i f e preserves areas where animals are protected vvithin their
natural environment are becoming more c o m m o n i n regions vvhere a n i m a l l i f e
is threatened.
D i r t y air is c h i e f l y a c i t y p r o b l e m . London's f a m o u s "pea soup" f o g s were
cleared by laws b y f o r b i d d i n g the b u r n i n g o f s o f t f u e l s ; b ú t car exhaust f u m e s
continue to pollute the air. Some large cities m a y have to ban cars f r o m the c i t y
centre to wipe out smoke.
Minerals t h á t are taken f r o m the Earth i n immense quantities i n c l u d e
petroleum, coal, natural gas, iron and copper. Once used ú p , these minerals can
never be replaced to conserve t h è m , we must c ú t waste and recycle (put back
into use) the metal i n discarded products, such as e m p t y cans. Conservation
also includes searching f o r altemative f u e l s , such as the energy o f the Sun.
W O R D LIST
Conservation(n)
Bảo tồn
Contour(n)
Đ ư ờ n g v i ề n , đ ư ờ n g quanh, đ ư ờ n g n é t
Element(n)
Yếu tố
Environment(n)
Môi trường
Erosion (n)
Xói m ò n
Mineral(n)
Khoáng
Poisoning(n)
Sự đ ầ u đ ộ c
Pollution(n)
Ô nhiễm
Preservation(n)
Bảo vệ
Prevention(n)
Sự n g ă n ngừa
Quantity
Số lượng
Reclaim(v)
C ả i t ạ o , ( n ô n g ) k h a i hoang
Resource(n)
Nguồn
Root(n)
Gốc
Rotation(n)
Sự l u â n p h i ê n , q u a y
Guarding(n)
Bảo vệ
57
Soil(n)
Đt
Swamp(n)
Hầm
Timber(n)
GỖ l à m n h à , k è o , x à
Waste(n)
Cht t h ả i
Alternative(n)
Sự lựa c h ọ n
Immense(adj)
Lớn, khổng l ồ
Mature(v)
Trưởng thành
Natural(adj)
Tự nhiên
Chiefly(adv)
Chính
Discard(v)
Bỏ
Drain(v)
Làm khô
Forbid(v)
Cm
Irrigate(v)
Tưới(đt, ruộng), d ẫ n nứóc v à o
Pollute(v)
Làm ô nhiễm
Preserve(v)
Bảo tồn
Retain(v)
Giữ
Wipe(v)
Lau,chùi
Particular(adj)
Riêng biệt
A. C O M P R E H E N S I O N
A I . R e a d t h e text a n d ansvver the f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s
Ì . W h a t is conservation concerned w i t h ?
2. H o w can farmers protect their land?
3. I n vvhat w a y can trees preserve land?
4. W h a t happens w h e n a l l the trees i n a r e g i o n are c ú t ?
5. W h a t are some example o f minerals taken f r o m the earth?
A2. Write T betore true statements. Write F b e í o r e false statements.
Ì. Most people believe thát the world's resources can never be used ú p .
2. Conservation is o n l y the s a í e g u a r d i n g o f natural resources.
58
3. Y e a r l y rotation o f crops means grovving d i f f e r e n t crops ô n
the
same land f r o m year to year.
4. A d d i n g fertilizers can help enrich the soil.
5. Once used ú p , minerals can be replaced.
B. T H E G E R Ư N D
The - I N G f o r m o f t e n acts like a verb and a n o u n át the same t i m e . ít can be
f o l l o w e d by án object (e.g. i ư i t a t i n g deserts, d r a i n i n g svvamps) b ú t Ít can also
itselí be the subject, object or complement o f a sentence.
Examples:
D r a i n i n g svvamps is necessary to r e c l a i m land.
( D r a i n i n g - > subject)
Conservation also includes searching f o r alternative f u e l s .
(Searching —> o b j e c t )
Conservation is the s a í e g u a r đ i n g and preservation o f natural resources.
(Saíeguarding - » complement)
Farmers can protect their land by growing
d i f f e r e n t crops.
(Grovving - > object o f the preposition B Y )
L i k e any
other n o u n , the
- I N G f o r m can
be
used w i t h an
article
or
possessive or demonstrative adjective.
The saịeguarding
oi natural resources
D o you m i n d m y making
a suggestion?
( I n í ò r m a l : D o y o u m i n d me m a k i n g a suggestion ?)
Note
thát
have a direct
when
the -ING form
is usecl with
an articỉe,
Ít cannot
usualìy
obịect.
The reclaiming
oi land ( + n ó t the r e c l a i m i n g land)
B I . M a k e s e n t e n c e s u s ỉ n g the f o l l o w i n g V - i n g ,or V - i n g p h r a s e
as s u b j e c t , o b j e c t o r c o m p l e m e n t o f a s e n t e n c e
Ì . Preserving natural resources
59
nguon tai.lieu . vn
ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
Objectives
• P r o v i d i n g knovvledge ô n environment and health.
• I m p r o v i n g reading skills: ansvvering pre- reading questions about texts,
scanning, s k i m m i n g , detailed reading, a p p l y i n g true/ false questions to texts.
• F o r m i n g appropriate manner.
Contents
• I n í o r m a t i o n ô n conservation, air p o l l u t i o n , healthy diets.
• The use and í ò r m a t i o n ô n the gerund, prepositions f o l l o w i n g adịectives.
• V o c a b u l a r y r e l a t i n g to environment and health.
55
U n i t l
C O N S E R V A T I O N
Pre-reading
Ì . W h a t are natural resources?
2. W h y do we need to conserve natural resources?
Conservation is the safeguarding and preservation o f n a t u r a l resources, so
thát they can continue to be used and erỹoyed. I n the past, m o s t
people
believed t h á t the w o r l d ' s resources c o u l d never be used ú p . T o d a y , w e k n o w
thát this is n ó t t r ú c A n i m p o r t a n t part o f conservation is t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f
waste- waste o f í o r e s t s , s o i l , w i l d l i f e , minerals and h u m a n l i v e s . A s important
is the íĩght against p o l l u t i o n o f our e n v i r o n m e n t , i n p a r t i c u l a r , the d i r t y i n g and
poisoning o f air and vvater. Conservation is also concerned w i t h the r e c l a i m i n g
o f land b y i r r i g a t i n g deserts, d r a i n i n g swamps or p u s h i n g b a c k the sea.
Farmers can protect their land b y yearly r o t a t i o n o f crops- t h á t is, g r o w i n g
d i f f e r e n t crops ô n the same land f r o m year to year. I n this w a y , d i f f e r e n t
elements o f the soil have t i m e to replace lost elements. F a r m e r s c a n h e l p enrich
the soil by a d d i n g f e r t i l i z e r s . T h e y can prevent erosion b y p l o u g h i n g a l o n g the
contours o f a h i u rather than ú p and d o w n . I n this w a y w a t e r does n ó t r u n o f f
and take the soil w i t h Ít.
Trees and shrubs are also needed to preserve l a n d because t h e i r roots bind
the soil and retain vvater. W h e n a l l the trees i n a r e g i o n are c ú t , the s o i l can
easily become loose and b l o w away.
Forests provide t i m b e r , one o f M a n ' s most valuable resources, b ú t they
must be managed c a r e í u l l y . O n l y mature trees should be c ú t , l e a v i n g the y o u n g
ones to g r o w bigger.
56
T o protect w i l d - l i f e , many countries have passed laws r e s t r i c t i n g h u n t i n g
and í i s h i n g . W i l d - l i f e preserves areas where animals are protected vvithin their
natural environment are becoming more c o m m o n i n regions vvhere a n i m a l l i f e
is threatened.
D i r t y air is c h i e f l y a c i t y p r o b l e m . London's f a m o u s "pea soup" f o g s were
cleared by laws b y f o r b i d d i n g the b u r n i n g o f s o f t f u e l s ; b ú t car exhaust f u m e s
continue to pollute the air. Some large cities m a y have to ban cars f r o m the c i t y
centre to wipe out smoke.
Minerals t h á t are taken f r o m the Earth i n immense quantities i n c l u d e
petroleum, coal, natural gas, iron and copper. Once used ú p , these minerals can
never be replaced to conserve t h è m , we must c ú t waste and recycle (put back
into use) the metal i n discarded products, such as e m p t y cans. Conservation
also includes searching f o r altemative f u e l s , such as the energy o f the Sun.
W O R D LIST
Conservation(n)
Bảo tồn
Contour(n)
Đ ư ờ n g v i ề n , đ ư ờ n g quanh, đ ư ờ n g n é t
Element(n)
Yếu tố
Environment(n)
Môi trường
Erosion (n)
Xói m ò n
Mineral(n)
Khoáng
Poisoning(n)
Sự đ ầ u đ ộ c
Pollution(n)
Ô nhiễm
Preservation(n)
Bảo vệ
Prevention(n)
Sự n g ă n ngừa
Quantity
Số lượng
Reclaim(v)
C ả i t ạ o , ( n ô n g ) k h a i hoang
Resource(n)
Nguồn
Root(n)
Gốc
Rotation(n)
Sự l u â n p h i ê n , q u a y
Guarding(n)
Bảo vệ
57
Soil(n)
Đt
Swamp(n)
Hầm
Timber(n)
GỖ l à m n h à , k è o , x à
Waste(n)
Cht t h ả i
Alternative(n)
Sự lựa c h ọ n
Immense(adj)
Lớn, khổng l ồ
Mature(v)
Trưởng thành
Natural(adj)
Tự nhiên
Chiefly(adv)
Chính
Discard(v)
Bỏ
Drain(v)
Làm khô
Forbid(v)
Cm
Irrigate(v)
Tưới(đt, ruộng), d ẫ n nứóc v à o
Pollute(v)
Làm ô nhiễm
Preserve(v)
Bảo tồn
Retain(v)
Giữ
Wipe(v)
Lau,chùi
Particular(adj)
Riêng biệt
A. C O M P R E H E N S I O N
A I . R e a d t h e text a n d ansvver the f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s
Ì . W h a t is conservation concerned w i t h ?
2. H o w can farmers protect their land?
3. I n vvhat w a y can trees preserve land?
4. W h a t happens w h e n a l l the trees i n a r e g i o n are c ú t ?
5. W h a t are some example o f minerals taken f r o m the earth?
A2. Write T betore true statements. Write F b e í o r e false statements.
Ì. Most people believe thát the world's resources can never be used ú p .
2. Conservation is o n l y the s a í e g u a r d i n g o f natural resources.
58
3. Y e a r l y rotation o f crops means grovving d i f f e r e n t crops ô n
the
same land f r o m year to year.
4. A d d i n g fertilizers can help enrich the soil.
5. Once used ú p , minerals can be replaced.
B. T H E G E R Ư N D
The - I N G f o r m o f t e n acts like a verb and a n o u n át the same t i m e . ít can be
f o l l o w e d by án object (e.g. i ư i t a t i n g deserts, d r a i n i n g svvamps) b ú t Ít can also
itselí be the subject, object or complement o f a sentence.
Examples:
D r a i n i n g svvamps is necessary to r e c l a i m land.
( D r a i n i n g - > subject)
Conservation also includes searching f o r alternative f u e l s .
(Searching —> o b j e c t )
Conservation is the s a í e g u a r đ i n g and preservation o f natural resources.
(Saíeguarding - » complement)
Farmers can protect their land by growing
d i f f e r e n t crops.
(Grovving - > object o f the preposition B Y )
L i k e any
other n o u n , the
- I N G f o r m can
be
used w i t h an
article
or
possessive or demonstrative adjective.
The saịeguarding
oi natural resources
D o you m i n d m y making
a suggestion?
( I n í ò r m a l : D o y o u m i n d me m a k i n g a suggestion ?)
Note
thát
have a direct
when
the -ING form
is usecl with
an articỉe,
Ít cannot
usualìy
obịect.
The reclaiming
oi land ( + n ó t the r e c l a i m i n g land)
B I . M a k e s e n t e n c e s u s ỉ n g the f o l l o w i n g V - i n g ,or V - i n g p h r a s e
as s u b j e c t , o b j e c t o r c o m p l e m e n t o f a s e n t e n c e
Ì . Preserving natural resources
59