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106 CENTRAL CONCEPTS IN FAMILY THERAPY Relationship skills. These include clarifying how family members’ emotional responses force them unwittingly into problem-maintaining be-haviour patterns; adopting a non-blaming stance involving the use of relabel-ling fair turn taking in family sessions; using warmth and humour to defuse conflict; and engaging in sufficient self-disclosure to promote empathy. Structuring skills. These include directives in maintaining a therapeutic focus, clear communication and self-confidence. Therapy. The first stage of treatment which involves helping family mem-bers change their attributional styles so that they attribute positive behav-iours to personal factors and negative behaviours to situational factors. FURTHER READING MRI Brief Marital and Family Therapy Cade, B. & O’Hanlon, W. (1993). A Brief Guide to Brief Therapy. New York: Norton. Duncan, B., Miller, S. & Sparks, J. (2003). Interactional and solution-focused brief therapies: Evolving concepts of change. In T. Sexton, G. Weeks & M. Robbins (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, pp. 101–124. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Fisch, R. & Schlanger, R. (1999). Brief Therapy with Intimidating Cases. Changing the Unchangeable. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. Fisch, R., Weakland, J. & Segal, L. (1982). The Tactics of Change: Doing Therapy Briefl y. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. Green, S. & Flemons, D. (2004). Quickies: The Handbook of Brief Sex Therapy. New York: Norton Hoyt, M. (2001). Interviews with Brief Therapy Experts. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner-Routledge. Segal, L. (1991). Brief therapy: The MRI Approach. In A. Gurman & D. Kniskern (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, Vol. 11, pp. 171–199. New York: Brunner-Mazel. Shoham, V. & Rohbaugh, M. (2002). Brief strategic couple therapy. In A. Gurman & N.Jacobon (Eds), Clinical Hanbook of Couples Therapy, 3rd edn, pp. 5–21. New York: Guilford. Watzlawick, P. Weakland, J. & Fisch, R. (1974). Change. Principles of Problem Formation and Problem Resolution. New York: Norton. Weakland, J. & Fisch, R. (1992). Brief therapy: MRI style. In S. Budman, M. Hoyt & S. Friedman (Eds), The First Session in Brief Therapy, pp. 306–323. New York: Guilford. Weakland, J. & Ray, W. (1995). Propagations: Thirty Years of Influence from the Mental Research Institute. Binghampton, NY: Haworth. Strategic Marital and Family Therapy Behar-Mitrani, V. & Perez, M. (2000). Structural-strategic approaches to couple and family therapy. In T. Sexton, G. Weeks & M. Robbins (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, pp. 177–200. New York: Brunner-Routledge. THEORIES THAT FOCUS ON BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS 107 Browning, S. & Green, R. (2003). Constructing therapy: From strategic to systemic to narrative models. In G. Sholevar (Ed.), Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy: Clinical Applications, pp. 55–76. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Grove, D. & Haley, J. (1993). Conversations on Therapy. New York: Norton. Haley, J. & Richeport-Haley, M. (2003). The Art of Strategic Therapy. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Haley, J. (1963). Strategies of Psychotherapy. New York: Grune & Stratton. Haley, J. (1967). Advanced Techniques of Hypnosis and Therapy: Selected Papers of Milton H. Erickson, MD. New York: Grune & Stratton. Haley, J. (1973). Uncommon Therapy. New York: Norton. Haley, J. (1976). Problem Solving Therapy. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Haley, J. (1984). Ordeal Therapy. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Haley, J. (1985a). Conversations with Milton H. Erickson, MD: Volume 1. Changing Individuals. New York: Norton. Haley, J. (1985b). Conversations with Milton H. Erickson, MD: Volume 2. Changing Couples. New York: Norton. Haley, J. (1985c). Conversations with Milton H. Erickson, MD: Volume 3. Changing Children and Families. New York: Norton. Haley, J. (1996). Learning and Teaching Therapy. New York: Guilford. Haley, J. (1997). Leaving Home: The Therapy of Disturbed Young People, 2nd edn. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner-Mazel. Keim, J. & Lappin, J. (2002). Structural-strategic marital therapy. In A. Gurman & N. Jacobon (Eds), Clinical Handbook of Couples Therapy, 3rd edn, pp. 86–117. New York: Guilford. Lankton, S. & Lankton, C. (1991). Ericksonian family therapy. In A. Gurman & D. Kniskern (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, Vol. 11, pp. 239–283. New York: Brunner Mazel. Madanes, C. (1981). Strategic Family Therapy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Madanes, C. (1984). Behind the One-way Mirror: Advances in the Practice of Strategic Therapy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. Madanes, C. (1990). Sex, Love and Violence. New York: Norton. Madanes, C. (1994). The Secret Meaning of Money. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Madanes, C. Keim, J. & Smelser, D. (1995). The Violence of Men. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Madanes, C. (1991). Strategic Family Therapy. In A. Gurman & D. Kniskern (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, Vol. 11, pp. 396–416. New York: Brunner-Mazel. Rosen, K. (2003). Strategic family therapy. In L. Hecker & J. Wetchler (Eds), An Introduction to Marital and Family Therapy, pp. 95–122. New York: Haworth. Structural Family Therapy Behar-Mitrani, V. & Perez, M. (2003). Structural-strategic approaches to couple and family therapy. In T. Sexton, G. Weeks & M. Robbins (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, pp. 177–200. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Colapinto, J. (1991). Structural family therapy. In A. Gurman & D. Kniskern (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, Vol. 11, pp. 417–443. New York: Brunner-Mazel. Elizur, J. & Minuchin, S. (1989). Institutionalising Madness. Families, Therapy and Society. New York: Basic Books. 108 CENTRAL CONCEPTS IN FAMILY THERAPY Fishman, C. & Fishman, T. (2003). Structural family therapy. In G. Sholevar (Ed.), Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy: Clinical Applications, pp. 35–54. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Fishman, C. (1988). Treating Troubled Adolescents: A Family Therapy Approach. New York: Basic Books. Fishman, C. (1993). Intensive Structural Family Therapy: Treating Families in their Social Context. New York: Basic Books. Keim, J. & Lappin, J. (2002). Structural-strategic marital therapy. In A. Gurman & N. Jacobon (Eds), Clinical Handbook of Couples Therapy, 3rd edn, pp. 86–117. New York: Guilford. Minuchin, S. & Fishman, H.C. (1981). Family Therapy Techniques. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Minuchin, S. & Nichols, M. (1993). Family Healing: Tales of Hope and Renewal from Family Therapy. New York: Free Press. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and Family Therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Minuchin, S. (1984). Family Kaleidoscope. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Minuchin, S., Rosman, B. & Baker, L. (1978). Psychosomatic Families: Anorexia Nervosa in Context. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Minuchin, S., Lee, W. & Simon, G. (1996). Mastering Family Therapy: Journeys of Growth and Transformation. New York: Wiley. Minuchin, S., Montalvo, B., Guerney, B., Rosman, B. & Schumer, F. (1967). Families of the Slums. New York: Basic Books. Wetchler, J. (2003). Structural family therapy. In L. Hecker & J. Wetchler (Eds), An Introduction to Marital and Family Therapy, pp. 39–62. New York: Haworth. Behavioural Marital and Family Therapy Atkins, D., Dimidhian, S. & Christensen, A. (2003). Behavioural couple therapy: Past, present and future. In T. Sexton, G. Weeks & M. Robbins (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, pp. 281–302. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Baucom, D. & Epstein, N. (1990). Cognitive Behavioural Marital Therapy. New York: Brunner-Mazel. Baucom, D., Epstein, N. & LaTaillade, J. (2002). Cognitive behavioural couple therapy. In A. Gurman & N. Jacobon (Eds), Clinical Handbook of Couples Therapy, 3rd edn, pp. 86–117. New York: Guilford. Dattilio, F. & Epstein, N. (2003). Cognitive-behavioural couple and family therapy. In T. Sexton, G. Weeks & M. Robbins (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, pp. 147–176. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Dattilio, F. & Padesky, C. (1990). Cognitive Therapy with Couples. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange. Dattilio, F. (1997). Integrative Cases in Couples and Family Therapy. Cognitive-Behavioural Perspective. New York: Guilford. Dimidjian, S., Martell, C. & Christensen, A. (2002). Integrative behavioural couple therapy. In A. Gurman & N. Jacobon (Eds), Clinical Handbook of Couples Therapy, 3rd edn, pp. 251–280. New York: Guilford. THEORIES THAT FOCUS ON BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS 109 Epstein, N. (2003). Cognitive behavioural therapies for couples and families. In L. Hecker & J. Wetchler (Eds), An Introduction to Marital and Family Therapy, pp. 203–254. New York: Haworth. Epstein, N., Schlesinger, S. & Dryden, W. (1988). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy with Families. New York: Brunner-Mazel. Falloon, I. (1988). Handbook of Behavioural Family Therapy. New York: Guilford. Falloon, I. (1991). Behavioural family therapy. In A. Gurman & D. Kniskern (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, Vol. 11, pp. 65–95. New York: Brunner-Mazel. Falloon, I. (2003). Behavioural family therapy. In G. Sholevar (Ed.), Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy: Clinical Applications, pp. 147–172. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Falloon, I., Laporta, M., Fadden, G. & Graham-Hole, V. (1993). Managing Stress in Families. London: Routledge. Jacobson, N. & Christensen, A. (1996). Integrative Behavioural Couple Therapy. New York: Norton. Jacobson, N. & Margolin, G. (1979). Marital Therapy; Strategies Based on Social Learning and Behavioural Exchange Principles. New York: Brunner-Mazel. Mueser, K. & Glynn, S. (1995). Behavioural Family Therapy for Psychiatric Disorders. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Sanders, M. & Dadds, M. (1993). Behavioural Family Intervention. New York: Pergammon Press. Sayers, S. (1998). Special issue on behavioural couples therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 18(6). Functional Family Therapy Alexander, J., Pugh, C., Parsons, B. & Sexton, T. (2000). Functional Family Therapy, 2nd edn. Golden, CO: Venture. Sexton, T. & Alexander, J. (2003). Functional family therapy: A mature clinical model for working with at-risk adolescents and their families. In T. Sexton, G. Weeks & M. Robbins (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, pp. 323–350. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Alexander, J. & Parsons, B. (1982). Functional Family Therapy. Montereny, CA: Brooks Cole. Barton, C. and Alexander, J. (1981). Functional family therapy. In A. Gurman & D. Kniskern (Eds), Handbook of Family Therapy, pp. 403–443. New York: Brunner-Mazel. Morris, S., Alexander, J. & Waldron, H. (1988). Functional family therapy. In I. Falloon (Ed.), Handbook of Behavioural Family Therapy, pp. 130–152. New York: Guilford. Chapter 4 THEORIES THAT FOCUS ON BELIEF SYSTEMS Family therapy schools and traditions, it was noted in Chapter 2, may be classified in terms of their emphasis on problem-maintaining behav-iour patterns; constraining belief systems and narratives; and historical, contextual and constitutional predisposing factors. While Chapter 3 was concerned with traditions that highlight the role of problem-maintaining behaviour patterns, this chapter is primarily concerned with approaches that focus on belief systems and narratives which subserve these in-teraction patterns. Traditions that fall into this category, and which are summarised in Table 4.1, include constructivism; the Milan School; so-cial-constructionist family therapy approaches; solution-focused family therapy; and narrative therapy. These traditions share a rejection of posi-tivism and a commitment to some alternative epistemology, so it is with a consideration of these epistemologies that this chapter opens. EPISTEMOLOGY: POSITIVISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM, SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM, MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM Bateson (1972, 1979) was fond of the word epistemology and referred to what he described as an ‘ecosystemic epistemology’. This, for Bateson, was a world view or belief system that entailed the idea that the universe – including non-material mind and material substance – is a single eco-logical system made up of an infinite number of constituent subsystems. However, in the strictest sense, epistemology is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of theories of knowledge. Following Bateson’s idiosyncratic use of the term, epistemology within the family therapy field is used more loosely to mean a specific theory of knowledge or world view. Using this definition, within the family therapy field, distinctions are made between three main epistemologies: positivism, constructivism and social constructionism. ... - tailieumienphi.vn
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