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Energy Management Handbook for Homeowners
Fluorescent or compact
fluorescent lighting where suitable
Exterior insulated
doors
Soffit vents with ridge vents
Windows south exposure
and double-pane with low-E coating
(provide proper overhang)
Wall insulation
Water conservation
Ceiling insulation
Mechanical equipment and other appliances with low operating costs and high efficiencies
Caulking and sealing to reduce air leakage
Pipes and ducts insulated in unconditioned space
Energize Your Home!
Floor or crawl space insulation
Energy Center
P.O. Box 176, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0176 (573) 751-3443 1-800-361-4827 http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/energy
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
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Basic Energy Concepts................................................. 1 Heat Loss
Indoor Humidity Weather
Air Changes.................................................................... 2 Infiltration Pie
Infiltration Ratings
New-Home Construction ............................................. 3
Caulk/Weatherstrip ..................................................... 4-5 Where to caulk
Types of caulk
Air Conditioning
Efficiency ..................................................................... 6 Window Unit vs. Central Unit
Sizing Dehumidification.......................................................... 7 Placement and Maintenance
Operating Hints
Appliances...................................................................... 8 Life-Cycle Costing
EnergyGuide Labels
Selecting a Refrigerator............................................. 10 Selecting a Washer and Dryer
Selecting a Dishwasher ..............................................11
Appliance and Equipment
Cost of Operation................................................12-13-14 Heating ...........................................................................15
Natural Gas Forced Air Hydronic Systems
Combustion Air ...........................................................16 Replacement Systems
Electric Heating...........................................................17 Heat Pumps Ducts...........................................................................18 Options .......................................................................19 Space Heaters............................................................20 Fireplaces and Gas Logs
Insulation Basics...........................................................21 R-Value
Recommended R-Values Where to Insulate
Insulation, Do-It-Yourself..............................................22 Safety
Vapor Barriers
Insulation, Attic..............................................................23 Preparation
Attic Types
Insulation, Crawl Space and Floors ............................24 R-Values, Various Materials..........................................25 Insulation, Walls............................................................26
Basement Below Grade
Landscaping ..................................................................27 Xeriscape Gardening
Lighting ..........................................................................28 Incandescent
Fluorescent Outdoor Lighting Lighting Efficiency
Moisture..........................................................................29 How Moisture Acts
Window Condensation
Reducing Excess Humidity.........................................30 New Construction
Ventilation ......................................................................31 Attic
Crawl Space
Water Heaters ................................................................32 Efficiency
Types
Water-Saving Hints
How to Insulate Water Heaters ....................................33 Water Usage...................................................................34
Indoor Water Usage Lawn Irrigation
Other Outdoor Usage
Windows.........................................................................35 Glazing Options
Storm Windows
Missouri Department of Natural Resources Energy Center
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Making your home as energy-efficient as possible is only a part of the process of achieving a more comfortable and less expensive home to operate. Your family’s habits and the weather are important in determining energy usage.
This booklet is designed to help you implement retrofit measures as well as evaluate your family’s habits in how they use energy and water.
Temperature control is the largest use of energy in a residence. Heat flow always goes from warm areas (inside homes in winter) to cooler ones. This flow of heat can be slowed by something such as insulation that will resist rapid airflow movement.
Most homes are heated with gas and/or electricity, but all heat is measured in British thermal units (Btu). Btus are very small (about the heat energy of one wooden kitchen match); therefore, over the period of a year, millions of Btus are consumed to heat water or living space.
Heat Loss
A typical home loses heat by a combination of three basic heat-transfer processes: 1. CONDUCTION through materials and substances.
2. CONVECTION or transference of heat because of differences in density. This is what people mean when they say heat rises. Actually, warm air (or less dense air) rises. Heat is lost in all directions to cooler areas. Convection heat losses can cause infiltration.
3. RADIATION of heat occurs when heat flows from warm surfaces to cool surfaces independent of the medium between them (such as a warm roof to the clear night sky, or a window surface to the outside air).
Insulation will slow heat loss. Air is a very poor conductor of heat; that’s why it is a good insulator. When air pockets are trapped (inside insulation or between panes of glass), they retard the flow of heat. It’s not the substance itself (glass fiber, cellulose, rockwool or foam insulation) that slows heat loss, but the trapped pockets of air that are in or between these materials.
Resistance (R) to heat flow is measured in how many hours it takes one Btu to go through one square foot of a mate-rial that is one inch thick and experiencing a one-degree temperature difference. A window that has an R-value of 2 loses heat ten times faster than a wall with an R-value of 20.
When you are air conditioning your home, the reverse heat flow occurs from outside to inside the house. Insulation slows that heat flow also.
Indoor Humidity
Relative humidity is an important comfort factor. A higher relative humidity in winter will make your home feel warmer, and a lower summer humidity will let you feel cooler at moderate temperatures. Savings in energy result from turning the thermostat to a lower winter setting or a higher summer setting.
Weather
The weather – temperature, relative humidity, wind, cloud cover and sunshine – affect the energy used in maintaining home comfort. Most space heating begins at 65°Fahrenheit. As the outdoor temperature falls below this base, the space heating load increases in proportion to the difference between the two temperatures. This relationship between load and temperature led to the engineering concept of the heating degree-day, or heating degree-hour as an index of the intensi-ty and duration of cold weather. It is defined as the difference between the average temperature for a 24-hour time peri-od and the base temperature of 65°F.
The degree-hour concept is somewhat more accurate during periods of “marginal” heating (or cooling) demand. Cooling degree-hours are computed using both an outside temperature and relative humidity. These are shown on
your summer utility bill.
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