Ebook Social psychology principles: Part 1

Social Psychology Principles v. 1.0 This is the book Social Psychology Principles (v. 1.0). This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/ 3.0/) license. See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author (but see below), don`t make money from it, and do make it available to everyone else under the same terms. This book was accessible as of December 29, 2012, and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz (http://lardbucket.org) in an effort to preserve the availability of this book. Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here. However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed. Additionally, per the publisher`s request, their name has been removed in some passages. 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You can browse or download additional books there. ii Table of Contents About the Author.................................................................................................................. 1 Acknowledgments................................................................................................................. 2 Preface..................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology....................................................................... 7 Defining Social Psychology: History and Principles.................................................................................12 Affect, Behavior, and Cognition .................................................................................................................31 Conducting Research in Social Psychology...............................................................................................38 Chapter Summary........................................................................................................................................61 Chapter 2: Social Learning and Social Cognition......................................................... 64 Sources of Social Knowledge.......................................................................................................................69 How We Use Our Expectations....................................................................................................................89 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Cognition.................................................................115 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................117 Chapter 3: Social Affect ................................................................................................... 119 Moods and Emotions in Our Social Lives.................................................................................................124 Emotions, Stress, and Well-Being.............................................................................................................138 How to Feel Better: Coping With Negative Emotions.............................................................................153 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Affect.......................................................................176 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................177 Chapter 4: The Self............................................................................................................ 179 The Cognitive Self: The Self-Concept.......................................................................................................181 The Feeling Self: Self-Esteem....................................................................................................................195 The Social Self: The Role of the Social Situation ....................................................................................214 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About the Self................................................................................228 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................229 Chapter 5: Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion........................................................ 231 Exploring Attitudes....................................................................................................................................236 Changing Attitudes Through Persuasion ................................................................................................250 Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior.............................................................................................268 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion...............................290 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................291 iii Chapter 6: Perceiving Others.......................................................................................... 293 Initial Impression Formation....................................................................................................................297 Inferring Dispositions Using Causal Attribution....................................................................................321 Individual and Cultural Differences in Person Perception....................................................................336 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Person Perception.............................................................347 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................349 Chapter 7: Influencing and Conforming...................................................................... 351 The Many Varieties of Conformity...........................................................................................................356 Obedience, Power, and Leadership ..........................................................................................................376 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity......................................................................398 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Conformity.........................................................................408 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................409 Chapter 8: Liking and Loving ......................................................................................... 412 Initial Attraction........................................................................................................................................418 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving Over the Long Term................................................................439 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Liking and Loving..............................................................462 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................463 Chapter 9: Helping and Altruism................................................................................... 465 Understanding Altruism: Self and Other Concerns................................................................................470 The Role of Affect: Moods and Emotions.................................................................................................484 How the Social Context Influences Helping............................................................................................492 Other Determinants of Helping................................................................................................................502 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Altruism .............................................................................520 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................521 Chapter 10: Aggression.................................................................................................... 523 Defining Aggression...................................................................................................................................526 The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression..............................................................................535 The Violence Around Us: How the Social Situation Influences Aggression ........................................553 Personal and Cultural Influences on Aggression....................................................................................564 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Aggression..........................................................................577 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................579 Chapter 11: Working Groups: Performance and Decision Making......................... 581 Understanding Social Groups...................................................................................................................586 Group Process: The Pluses and Minuses of Working Together.............................................................594 Improving Group Performance................................................................................................................631 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Groups.....................................................................642 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................643 iv Chapter 12: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination......................................... 646 Social Categorization and Stereotyping..................................................................................................654 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice ...........................................................................................................673 Reducing Discrimination...........................................................................................................................684 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination.................699 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................701 Chapter 13: Competition and Cooperation in Our Social Worlds........................... 704 Conflict, Cooperation, Morality, and Fairness........................................................................................710 How the Social Situation Creates Conflict: The Role of Social Dilemmas ............................................725 Strategies for Producing Cooperation.....................................................................................................740 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Cooperation and Competition .........................................752 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................................................753 v ... - tailieumienphi.vn