Ebook Biological psychology: Part 1

It’s not always about knowing the answers. It’s about exploring the questions. Experience the exciting world of biological psychology with the interactive online version of this text! “Amazing”is about the only way to describe the Cengage Learning eBook. This enhanced online version of Biological Psychology, Tenth Edition contains interactive activities and demonstrations, animations, videos, and other multimedia content that invites discovery and exploration. Cengage Learning eBook Highlights: • Easy navigation; from the main menu, students are able to click to the beginning of chapters, modules, and major sections within the modules. Key terms and the book’s glossary are also linked. • Cool tools include a highlighter for making the most important text visible at a glance. There’s a notation feature, too; clicking the “Note” option on the reference panel links to the book section where the note was originally placed. • Interactive virtual reality activities explore the brain and other complex biological functions in three-dimensional space. For instance, the 3-D “Dissecting Brain” can be rotated and dissected. Structure labels and function captions can be selectively viewed to reinforce learning and aid in preparation for exams. • Animations clarify key processes and topics, including REM stages of sleep as seen on EEG, resting potential, the capture of attention, and many others. • Videos show examples of real patients in clinical settings, feature cutting-edge research, and present biological psychology in the news. • Try It Yourself Online activities allow active experimentation with concepts and phenomena. • Drag-and-drop puzzles offer reviews and self-tests on topics such as anatomy. • Interactive multiple-choice Stop & Check self-quizzes provide feedback confirming that an answer is right or explaining why it is wrong. • Direct links are provided to relevant websites mentioned throughout the text and listed at the end of chapters. START EXPLORINGTODAY! The Cengage Learning eBook is included with, and can be accessed through, CengageNOW™ or directly at www.cengage.com/login. Students: Log on at www.cengage.com/login with the access code card that came with your text. If a card didn’t come with your text, don’t miss out! Purchase access to CengageNOW and this text’s other eResources (which include the eBook and the InfoTrac® College Edition online library) at www.iChapters.com using ISBN-10: 0-495-80617-X • ISBN-13: 978-0-495-80617-2. Instructors: See page P-8 for more details about CengageNOW. Contact your local Cengage Learning representative to package an access code card with each new text and ensure that your students receive this dynamic study package. Or, use these ISBNs when placing your textbook order: ISBN-10: 0-495-76007-2 • ISBN-13: 978-0-495-76007-8. P-1 Preview Learning about the “hard problem” doesn’t have to be hard f there’s a Holy Grail in biological psychology, it’s the elusive answer to the “hard problem”— why consciousness exists and how it relates to brain activity. But there is no hard problem when the quest is finding the right biological psychology text: There’s only one that has been used more than any other. James W. Kalat views biological psychology as the “most interesting topic in the world.” For nearly 30 years his goal, and undoubtedly yours, has been to convey the excitement of the field and the myriad questions it explores to psychology students, biology majors, and pre-meds alike. With its high level of scholarship, clear and even humorous writing style, captivating examples, and experiential exercises, Kalat’s text delivers. We may never discover the answer to the hard problem, and biological psychologists will never run out of fascinating, if bafling, questions. Yet for thousands of instructors and students who explore them every year, at least one thing has been easy—appreciating Kalat’s text. 10PPY0016_Kalat_VP.indd 1 In This Preview: • An interview with author Jim Kalat. See pages P-2 and P-3. • Current findings in biological psychology, including more than 500 new references. See page P-4. • New Try It Yourself activities in the text and online, which help students to understand concepts by directly experiencing phenomena and research findings. See page P-5. • CengageNOW™, an online teaching and learning resource that gives you more control in less time and delivers better outcomes—NOW, and includes the enhanced eBook version of the text. See page P-6. • An array of other teaching and learning resources. See pages P-7 and P-8. 11/6/08 12:05:33 PM P-2 Author Interview Face to face with Jim Kalat idely respected as a gifted teacher and author, Jim Kalat (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) is a Professor of Psychology at North Carolina State University. Here’s a glimpse into the mind (or should we say brain?) of the man who has devoted his professional life to the dynamic—and sometimes mysterious—realm of biological psychology. Q:When was your interest sparked in psychology and biological psychology? A:I took an intro psych course at Duke, and loved it. I got into biological psychology gradually, beginning with research opportunities with Carl Erickson as an undergraduate, and then with Paul Rozin as a grad student. I was struck by the mind-brain question. What could be more fascinating than that? So I started reading extensively and synthesizing information for myself. Q:One user of your book writes that everyone needs to understand the body of knowledge related to biological psychology. Why? A:It’s a matter of self-understanding. What you think, experience, and do are products of your brain. In fact, what you think and experience are your brain activity! Q:Why did you write Biological Psychology? A:I always liked writing and library research. After I started teaching, I toyed with the idea of writing a short, humorous book about the physiology of learning and memory. A local sales representative told me to think about a general textbook instead. I loved the idea, but was concerned that I wasn’t a famous researcher. He said it wouldn’t be a problem, so I got started. A few months later Ken King, the new Wadsworth psychology editor, wandered into my ofice and we started talking. About an hour later we signed a contract. He was an editor for decades and said that signing an author was never again that easy. [Ken King, former longtime editor who joined Wadsworth in the 1970s, had a knack for finding stellar authors. Jim Kalat is one of them.] Q:What do you find most challenging about being a textbook author? Have the challenges changed after ten editions? A:It takes some vanity—I like the word arrogance but people tell me I should say vanity—to even try to be an author, combined with humility to accept criticisms and suggestions from people who think something isn’t quite right. Imagine: I’m trying to integrate an entire field of knowledge to tell students around the world what they should know about a field that is changing rapidly. Being as accurate and up-to-date as possible is challenging, so I read a great many journal articles. I also get feedback from reviewers, professors, and students. Another challenge is making the text not only factually correct, but also interesting and clear. The challenges haven’t changed much over ten editions, but the technology has. I can download journal articles from my university library’s website without even leaving my desk. The first edition was all black and white. I wrote it out in ink (with a huge number of cross-outs and insertions) and then typed it with a manual typewriter. Back then, websites and CDs hadn’t even been invented yet. Now we’re offering an interactive electronic version of the textbook, plus so many supplements for the instructor. 10PPY0016_Kalat_VP.indd 2 11/6/08 12:05:38 PM P-3 Author Interview Q:Where is the field of biological psychology headed? What new doors to understanding the brain and behavior are close to being unlocked? A:This is a dificult question, because many of the great discoveries in biological psychology, or any other field, are totally unanticipated. For example, I remember when everyone was totally convinced that new neurons never develop in the adult brain, and then researchers found exceptions where they do form. Who would have guessed that? Q:Despite the caveat noted above, is there a particular research area that has experienced significant advances in recent years? A:Yes, the neuropsychology of emotion has emerged as an exciting field over the last 15 years or so, and many researchers today are interested in the neuroscience of consciousness, which used to be almost taboo to mention. Q:What are one or two important practical benefits that have been enabled by research findings in biological psychology? A:Advances in genetics now make it possible to examine people’s chromosomes and predict whether they will get Huntington’s disease and other disorders. Research has pointed out the importance of early intervention for treating children with lazy eye, cataracts, and other sensory limitations. At the other end, research has also demonstrated that even much later in life, it’s never too late to do some good. The brain is most plastic in youth, but it remains open to change throughout life. I wish I could say that treatments for mental illness emerged from laboratory research, but it has usually gone in the opposite direction: People stumbled upon effective drugs by accident, and then researchers tried to figure out how they worked. As we’re getting better insights into how antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs work, the research may now lead to more effective treatments. Q:Many mysteries remain in biological psychology despite all that has been learned. Can you comment? A:The total amount of factual information we are gaining about the nervous system is huge. The hard copy version of Brain Research—just one journal—occupies an enormous amount of shelf space in the library. But it takes a long time for all of those facts to add up to an understanding of the big questions. For example, we know which kind of synapses LSD affects, but why does messing up those synapses produce hallucinations? We know much about the drugs that alleviate depression and schizophrenia, but it’s still puzzling why these drugs help. We know the hippocampus is important for memory and the amygdala for emotion, but in spite of much research, we are still uncertain of exactly what they do to promote memory and emotion. And the big question is why and how some kinds of brain activity are conscious. Q:What do you do for fun? A:Reading about biological psychology is great fun—for me! Besides that, I like bird watching. I like to go on nature walks and try to find and identify birds, especially ones I haven’t seen before. Ken King sparked that interest. Incidentally, after all these years, we continue to be close friends. 10PPY0016_Kalat_VP.indd 3 11/6/08 12:05:41 PM ... - tailieumienphi.vn