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Improvement of operator skills and technology in small rural sawmills in Vietnam
REPORTs ON TOT TRAINING COURSE
22/08 – 3/10/2007
at the school of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria, Australia
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I. Written by Doan Van Thu
1. Acknowledgement 2. Introduction
3. Content of training course o Wood science o Timber drying
o Portable Sawmilling
o Anti sap stain and preservation o Occupational health and safety
o The applications of microwave technology o Timber specification and manufacturing
4. The work that have done in Vietnam
1. Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thank to Professor Peter Widen, Associated Professor Barbara Ozarska, Mr. Gerry Harris, Mr. Phil Blackwell and all staff of School of Forest and Ecosystem Science and CRC Wood Innovations for their lectures and help during my time in Australia.
2. Introduction
The establishment of fast growing plantations of mostly Australian species has largely substituted for a substantial reduction in logging of native forests in Vietnam. Concurrently there has been a proliferation of small rural mills sourcing their logs from the new plantation estate to meet the growing demand for forest products for the construction and furniture industries. However, these small mills are unsuitable for the species and small log sizes now coming from plantations. They are inefficient, use untrained ex-farmer labour, produce poor quality outputs and are very unsafe workplaces. There are currently few means of training mill owners or operators, or of introducing or testing more appropriate technologies. Despite these problems small rural sawmills are very important contributors to rural economies in many regions. The goal of this project is to improve the efficiency and profitability rural sawmills and their contribution to rural development and poverty alleviation. This will be achieved through a program of training and technology development focussing on clustered rural sawmills in Central Vietnam.
3. The content of what I have learnt in the Training of Trainers (TOT) course During six weeks of TOT training course in The School of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria, Australia. I have been learnt the topics as following:
Wood science Timber drying
Sawmilling (Lucas sawmill and Farmill)
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Anti sap stain and preservation Occupational health and safety
Introduce the applications of use microwave technology in wood processing sector
Timber specification and manufacturing
Visiting some pine forest plantation and sawmill factory
3.1 Wood science
With this content the lecturer presented the basic structure of wood including broad leafed tree and coniferous tree, the main different between them, the growth stress in wood and shrinkage and expand of wood,…
3.2 Timber drying
In this topic the lecturer transferred the proper technique to operation and control drying process with the detail contents follow:
- The types of water present in wood and its influence to movement of wood - Factors affecting drying process
- How to control drying factors during process of drying
- How to select and cut the sample wood also identify moisture content of sample
- Racking practise
- Practice to use equipment to control parameter during drying process - Solar kiln introduction at timber training centre at Creswick.
3.3 Sawmilling
The learners were instructed to operate the mobile sawmill and farm mill also practice to setting up, operation and saw blade sharpening of mobile sawmill and farm mill at Timber training center in Creswick
3.4 Anti sap stain and preservation The trainees were learnt about :
- Natural durability (very durable, durable moderately durable and non durable),
- Permeability (Very permeability, moderately permeability and non permeability)
- The stages of decay (Colourisation Decay Senescence)
- Chemical requirements of sap stain control (non-toxic to humans and animals including fish, Cost effective, Soluble in water, Easy to formulate, Non-corrosive, easy to check for suitability of application working, Improve the brightness of timber, Colourless)
- How to protect from sap stain and mould (Reducing the time between falling and sawing, Use water storage, Use chemical treatment)
- Some methods of treatment (Bethel, Lowry and double diffusion treatment) were introduced and practised at the Australian Centre for Advanced Wood Processing in Creswick
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3.5 Occupational health and safety
Learning about how to work safety and use PPE to protect workers from the risk when they work in sawmilling work place, wood preservation and wood processing, ..
3.6 Timber specification and manufacturing
The participants know about timber grading and furniture requirement and design (Appearance characteristics of timber, Stability and drying quality, Engineering properties, Processing characteristics, Technical criteria for assessment of the suitability of various timbers for high value wood products).
High value wood products including: Furniture, Joinery, Flooring, Architectural products.
3.7 The applications of use microwave technology in wood processing sector Microwave is applied in field as:
- Pre-condition of timber drying in order to reduce drying time and reduce drying defects
- Softening wood for wood bending - Wood modification
- Wood preservation
4. The works that I have done in Vietnam
In cooperation with experts, coming form university of Melbourne, organized and carried out the training course to transfer knowledge for small size sawmill in the north, center and south of Vietnam with the topics as follow:
o Wood science
o Timber specification o Sawing
o Saw blade o Drying
o Preservation o Safety
o Maintenance
o Furniture requirements and design
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II. Written by Bui Duy Ngoc – FSIV
Name of project: Improvement of operator skills and technology in small rural sawmills in Vietnam
During six weeks of training course I have been learnt the contents as follow: Wood science
Timber drying
Sawmilling (mobile sawmill and Farmill) Anti sap stain and preservation Occupational health and safety
Introduce the applications of use microwave technology in wood processing sector
Timber specification and manufacturing
Visiting some pine forest plantation and sawmill factory
Wood science:
The basic structure of wood and the difference of broad leafed trees and coniferous trees were introduced. The relative between structure and wood properties was also introduced.
Timber drying:
In this topic expert transferred the basic theory knowledge and operation skill with the items as follow:
o The reason for drying wood
o Type of water present in wood and affecting of it to movement of wood o Factors influencing to drying process
o How to control drying parameter during drying process
o The method to cut sample board and identify moisture content by oven-dry
o The importance of sticker and space between them. o Racking practice
o How use a to moisture meter o Solar kiln introduction
Sawmilling:
With this topic me and other learners were introduced skill to operate mobile sawmill and Farmill also practice to use them and saw blade sharpening.
Anti sap stain and preservation:
- How to protect from sap stain and mould (Reducing the time between falling and sawing, Use water storage, Use chemical treatment)
- Some methods of treatment (Bethel, Lowrzy and double diffusion treatment) were introduced and practised at the Australian Centre for Advanced Wood Processing in Creswick
- Chemical requirement of sap stain control.
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