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Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
Collaboration for Agriculture & Rural Development
Validation Report
013/06VIE
Replacing fertiliser N with rhizobial inoculants for legumes in Vietnam for greater farm profitability and environmental benefits
August 2010
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Table of Contents
Institute Information
Project Name
Vietnamese Institution
Vietnamese Project Team Leader
Australian Organisation
Australian Personnel
Date commenced
Completion date (original)
Completion date (revised)
Reporting period
Replacing fertiliser N with rhizobial inoculants for legumes in Vietnam for greater farm profitability and environmental benefits
Oil Plants Institute (OPI)
Ms Tran Yen Thao
NSW Department of Primary Industries University of Sydney
Dr David Herridge Dr Roz Deaker
Ms Elizabeth Hartley Mr Greg Gemell
March 2007
March 2009
As above
September 2009 – August 2010
Contact Officer(s) In Australia: Team Leader
Name: Position: Organisation
Dr David Herridge Principal Research Scientist NSW Department of Primary Industries
Telephone: Fax: Email:
02 67631143 02 67631222
david.herridge@dpi.nsw.gov.au
In Australia: Administrative contact
Name: Position: Organisation
Mr Graham Denney Manager External Funding NSW Department of Primary Industries
Telephone: Fax: Email:
02 63913219 02 63913327
graham.denney@dpi.nsw.gov.au
In Vietnam Name:
Position: Organisation
Ms Tran Yen Thao
Researcher
Oil Plants Institute (OPI)
Telephone:
Fax: Email:
08 9143024 – 8297336
08 8243528 yenthao@opi.org.vn yenthao@hcm.fpt.vn yenthao9@yahoo.com
Report includes:
1. Change in farmer attitudes and practices in the use of inoculant compared with baseline
2. Analysis of financial impacts of inoculants in crop rotations for target farmers
3. Recommended strategies for scaling up of programs for widespread adoption of inoculants within and beyond target provinces
Sumary of Outcomes
Part 1. Change in farmer attitudes and practices in the use of inoculant compared with baseline
Introduction
Farmers and advisors were surveyed to determine changes in awareness and interest in the future application of rhizobial inoculants. The survey was constructed to be short and simple but to provide the critical information that could be evaluated against baseline attitudes established from a similar survey carried out at the beginning of the project. Comparison of the two surveys will demonstrate if availability of inoculants has increased (project Objective 1) and if the extension programme has been effective in increasing awareness of and demand for inoculants (project Objective 2).
Methodology
The baseline survey was done during the period March-December 2007 and the second survey during the period March-August 2009. The survey targeted farmers, extension workers as well as local agricultural technicians who are responsible for extending technological advances and innovations, such as inoculation of legumes, at agricultural localities.
Comparison of the data from the both surveys indicated changes in understanding and application of inoculants.
The survey (form attached as Appendix 1) consisted of 9 questions:
1. Have you heard about legume inoculants?
2. Do you understand what they do? Give details 3. If yes, who told you about inoculants?
4. Do you use inoculants on your soybean or groundnut? 5. If no, why not?
6. Can you purchase inoculants in the market place?
7. Would you use inoculants if you could purchase them in the market? Give reasons 8. Do you apply fertiliser N on your soybean and groundnut crops?
9. If yes, how much do you apply?
The questions were designed to gather both quantitative and qualitative information regarding knowledge and attitudes to inoculants. Quantitative data provided information about the extent of awareness and demand for inoculants whereas qualitative data provided
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information on understanding the role of inoculants, sources of information, reasons for non use, expectations and issues related to inoculant use that the farmers see as important.
At the end of the project, farmers and extension officers who had been associated with the 36 field experiments and 181 field demonstrations, as well as those participating in field days and training sessions, were re-surveyed to determine the effect of the training and extension program on knowledge and attitudes.
The surveys were conducted in project target areas in Vietnam (Table below). They were Son La province (Northern Highland), Nghe An (Coastal North), Binh Dinh (Central Coastal South), DakLak and DakNong (Central Highlands), Binh Thuan and Tay Ninh (South-east Upland), Dong Thap, An Giang and Tra Vinh (Mekong Delta). The locations were selected after discussion with personnel of the Extension Service to target expanding areas of soybean and groundnut within each province.
Region Province No. farmers Groundnut Soybean No. advisors
Northern Highland
Coastal North
Central Coastal south
Central Highlands
South-east Upland
Mekong Delta
Total
Son La
Nghe An
Binh Dinh
Dak Lak Dak Nong
Binh Thuan Tay Ninh
Dong Thap An Giang
Tra Vinh
2007 2009 24 41
24 84
24 154
20 50 20 50
25 64 28 113
41 230 54 110 24 125
281 1021
2007 2009 2007 2009 2007 2009 0 0 24 41 6 7
24 0 0 84 4 12
12 82 12 72 4 12
20 25 20 25 3 4 20 25 20 25 0 4
25 64 0 0 6 9 28 113 0 0 5 21
0 0 41 230 5 12 0 0 51 110 8 8
24 125 0 0 3 6
153 454 168 607 44 93
Farmers participating in the survey had grown legumes for a considerable period and are experienced in agricultural practices. The participating farmers were suggested by local advisors. Of the 281 farmers surveyed in 2007, 153 (54%) grew groundnut and 168 (60%) grew soybean and of the 1021 farmers participating in the survey in 2009, 454 (44.5%) grew groundnut and 607 (59.5%) grew soybean.
Results
General summary of responses
There was a clear increase in awareness and understanding of the role of inoculants in legume growth promotion. A vast majority of the survey respondents got their information from training and extension delivered within the project which may reflect the selection of survey respondents among workshop participants. There was only a slight increase in the use
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of inoculants largely reflecting poor availability in the market. Almost all respondents indicated that they would use inoculants if they were available demonstrating increased demand. They mostly recognised the economic benefit from inoculation and were less concerned about environmental benefits. They expressed an interest in training and extension on the application of inoculants and considered ease of use important. At the time of the final survey in 2009 most farmers still applied N fertiliser to their legumes and the average rates had not changed from 2007. It follows that dependence on the application of N fertiliser will not decrease until legume inoculants become more available.
The following is a summary of responses to each of the questions in the survey. The complete dataset of responses is attached in Appendix 2.
Question 1. Have you heard about legume inoculants?
Region Province % Farmers % Extension Officers
Yes No Yes No
Northern Highland
Coastal North
Central Coastal south
Central Highlands
South-east Upland
Mekong Delta
Son La
Nghe An
Binh Dinh
Dak Lak Dak Nong
Binh Thuan Tay Ninh
Dong Thap An Giang
Tra Vinh
...
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