Báo cáo khoa học: Sustainable community-based forest development and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan Province ( ATTACHMENT 6 )

ATTACHMENT 6 Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development CARD Project 017/06VIE - Sustainable community-based forest development and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan Province Report on a Training Course in Village based agroforestry 26 May – 2 June 2008 Trainers: Mr. Brian Gunn, DrTran Thi Thu Ha and Mr Nguyen My Hai As part of CARD Project 017/06VIE – ‘Sustainable community-based forest development and management in some high-poverty areas in Bac Kan Province’, a training course in village based agro-forestry training was conducted in four project pilot villages at Na Muc, Khuoi Lieng (Van Minh Commune) and To Dooc and Ban Sang (Lang San Commune) in Na Ri district over the period 26 May – 2nd June 2008. The main objective was to train villagers and commune extension workers and field staffs in basic operations of agro-forestry. Trainers were Mr Brian Gunn (CSIRO) at Na Muc and Khuoi Lieng, Dr. Tran Thi Thu Ha and Mai Ngoc Thu (Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry) at Na Muc and Ban Sang, and Mr Nguyen My Hai and Ms. Hoa (Bac Kan Agricultural Extension Department) at all four villages. At each village the course was run for 2 days and attended by all village members both male and female. The two commune extension workers in Van Minh and Lang San also participated. The training began with informal lectures at the village meeting halls, using flip charts prepared from powerpoint slides in Vietnamese language supported by numerous sketches and pictures. Handout of the Vietnamese presentations were given to participants. The informal lectures were followed by a practical day focusing on designing and pegging out the layout for each community agro-forestry model. The list of participants is given in the Attachments. The training powerpoint flip charts are Attached. Topics discussed as part of the informal presentation Identify the land use objectives for the area. • Water management • Cultivating sloping areas • Rehabilitation of degraded lands • Economic production Traditional systems practiced by farmers • Shifting cultivation • Tree planting of high value species with underplanting of crops in first few years (Taungya) • Intercropping eg Melia azedarach and bamboo intercropping • Home gardens • Intercropping forest plantation • Shade trees in coffee and tea • Melaleuca with rice, fish and bees • Wind shelterbelts • Plantation monocultures Tenural rights for farmers to use the trees on community forest land. Agroforestry – focus on agricultural crops Taungya – trees and wood production are the primary concern Trees in agroforestry systems serve many roles such as soil stabilisation, production of fodder for animals, supply of mulch for improving soil, improving microclimates (shade) production of wood for firewood, charcoal, pulpwood and boards for local construction 2 Individuals have the option to harvest trees to meet their needs. This results in trees being harvested and sold at various ages from young immature trees for fuelwood where the value is minimal to harvesting at 20 – 25 years as logs for sawn timber where the value is significantly more. Criteria for selecting tree species • Market opportunities • Social importance • Non-interference with arable crops • Easy establishment • Fast growth and short rotation • No averse chemical effect on crops • Fix nitrogen • Easy decomposition of foliage • Fodder value • Ability to withstand frequent lopping • Multiple uses Economic markets • Current market opportunities • Research market opportunities for wood, non wood and agricultural commodities • Local • District • Provincial level • Prices • Level of flexibility • Ease of selling Market opportunities • Firewood • Poles • Pulpwood • Furniture • Construction timber • Minor forest products Agroforestry systems in use • Shifting cultivation • Improved fallow • Taungya system • Hedgerow intercropping/ alley cropping • Multilayer tree gardens • Shelterbelts • Shade trees for plantation crops Adoption depends on environmental, economic or social demands Rationale for agroforestry development • Increasing diversified production especially under conditions of shortage of land. 3 • Contribute to sustained production of crops and livestock • Contribution to land rehab and increased production on degraded lands. • Sustaining of natural resources Field training at agroforestry trial sites All four villages have been working on preparing their agroforestry demonstration sites ready for planting. In the case of To Dooc, the location of the site was uncertain but following discussions the issue was resolved at the time of the training. At each site, participatory discussions were held regarding the species mix, layout of the trial and responsibilities for managing the trials and land tenure arrangements. The choice of species mix varied across the villages. For those villages where the community forestry land was some distance from the village (Na Muc, To Dooc, Ban Sang), there was a strong desire to plant a greater portion of the area to trees rather than food crops. The reason for this were three fold, The long distances to visit the trials made it difficult to manage cash crops but once trees are established there is much less requirement for on-going maintenance. Most of the villagers felt they had sufficient land for cash crops and would prefer to see the land used for trees especially since the land was in communal ownership and therefore more difficult to ensure there is an equitable sharing of labour and corresponding returns and the steep slope of the land favoured a greater use of trees over agricultural crops. This latter point also resulted in the people wanting to have more ‘green terraces’ to control erosion and improve soil fertility. This view was adopted through the inclusion of additional rows of Leucaena and the suggested trial planting of Tephrosia lai, Panicum maximum and Desmodium congesta depending on availability of germplasm. Following discussions about the species mix and layout, participants were engaged in pegging out the trials and laying out the tree planting rows. The field experience of Mr Hai was most valuable in demonstrating how to mark out planting lines following the contour and determining planting spots in accordance with the agreed spacing. The method of preparing planting holes and planting seedlings was also demonstrated. Since the ground was too dry for planting, this activity was to be undertaken once the wet season had started. General Discussion It was very pleasing to witness active participation from villagers both in the informal lectures and then in the set up Agro-forestry model. Provincial, district and commune extension workers who participated and/or assisted in this training have established a friendly working environment with the villagers. Strong cooperation among these stakeholders in the nursery establishment and subsequent field planting of agroforestry model and plantations can be expected. After village community meetings during baseline surveys and land use planning process, villagers have become more interested in investing their own land and resources in tree plantation. CARD project field staff have received numerous requests for seedling support. This project will raise extra seedlings to meet the demand. 4 Attachment 1 Na Muc, Van Minh Participants at CARD Project 017/06VIE – Village Agroforestry Training Participants Date:27-28 May 2008 No. Name 1 Nong Thi Soi 2 Ha Thi Tien 3 Ma Thi Cuc 4 Luc Thi Huan 5 Hua Thi Su 6 Hoang Thi Nhoi 7 Luc Van Hung 8 Luc Van La 9 Luc Minh Thao 10 Luc Van Long 11 Luc Van Bay 12 Luc Van Luyen 13 Luc Van Bang 14 Luc Van Minh 15 Ban Thi Sam 16 Hoang Thi Len 17 Nong Thi Gam 18 Dang Thi Hoi 19 Ly Thi Ban 20 Luc Van Khu 21 Luc Van Hoai 22 Luc Van Cao Sex (M/F) Position F Farmer F “ F “ F “ F “ F “ M “ M “ M “ M “ M “ M “ M “ M “ F “ F “ F “ F “ F “ M “ M “ M “ 23 Hoang Anh Tuan 24 Hoa 25 Mai Thi Thu 26 Nguyen Myx Hai 27 Tran Thi Thu Ha M Kim Hy Natural Reserve F TUAF F TUAF M BK Agricultural Extension Department F TUAF 5 ... - tailieumienphi.vn