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Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development Project Progress Report 025/06 VIE Improvement of Vietnamese vegetable production using GAP principles for seed and seedling production and superior hybrid varieties MS8: 5th SIX MONTHLY REPORT 1 Table of Contents 1. Institute Information ___________________________________________________ 2 2. Project Abstract _______________________________________________________ 3 3. Executive Summary ____________________________________________________ 3 4. Introduction & Background _____________________________________________ 3 5. Progress to Date_______________________________________________________ 5 5.1 Implementation Highlights ________________________________________________ 5 5.2 Smallholder Benefits______________________________________________________ 5 5.3 Capacity Building ________________________________________________________ 5 5.4 Publicity________________________________________________________________ 6 5.5 Project Management _____________________________________________________ 6 6. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues___________________________________________ 6 6.1 Environment ____________________________________________________________ 6 6.2 Gender and Social Issues __________________________________________________ 6 7. Implementation & Sustainability Issues____________________________________ 6 7.1 Issues and Constraints ____________________________________________________ 6 7.2 Options_________________________________________________________________ 6 7.3 Sustainability____________________________________________________________ 6 8. Next Critical Steps _____________________________________________________ 6 9. Conclusion ___________________________________________________________ 7 1 1. Institute Information Project Name Improvement of Vietnamese vegetable production using GAP principles for seed and seedling Vietnamese Institution Vietnamese Project Team Leader Australian Organisation Australian Personnel Date commenced Completion date (original) Completion date (revised) Reporting period production and superior hybrid varieties Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute Associate Prof Dr. Tran Khac Thi. Centre for Plant & Food Science University of Western Sydney Robert Spooner-Hart Oleg Nicetic; Tony Haigh; Peter Hanson (AVRDC) March 2007 February 2010 March-September 2009 Contact Officer(s) In Australia: Team Leader Name: Position: Organisation Robert Spooner-Hart Associate Professor, Leader Sustainable Plant Production Systems Centre for Plant & Food Science, University of Western Sydney Telephone: Fax: Email: 0245 701429 0245 701103 r.spooner-hart@uws.edu.au In Australia: Administrative contact Name: Position: Organisation Mr Gar Jones Director, Office of Research Services University of Western Sydney Telephone: Fax: Email: 0247360631 024736 0905 g.jones@uws.edu.au In Viet Nam Name: Position: Organisation Telephone: Fax: Email: 2 2. Project Abstract The project aims to develop capacity in three Vietnamese research organisations, the Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute Hanoi, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry and the Potato Vegetable and Flower Research Centre Institute Da Lat, in evaluation and use of disease-resistant hybrids as part of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) in vegetable production. Superior tomato hybrids resistant to geminivirus from the World Vegetable Centre as well as cucurbits resistant to mildews, will be evaluated for performance in North, Central and Central Highlands regions over two seasons. Superior varieties will be used in farmer demonstration trials in five locations in each region, together with IPDM involving use of PSOs and record keeping. Farmers will participate in demonstration trial evaluations, which will be supported by Farmer Field Schools conducted by PPD. The project includes key commercial companies, and will involve them in developing GAP for seed and seedling production. Training will include a technical visit to Australia and workshops. Selected superior germplasm will be supplied to seed companies for production and distribution to farmers. The project will reduce use of pesticides in vegetable production, increase food safety and farmer incomes. It will also reduce Viet Nam’s reliance on imported vegetable seed. 3. Executive Summary The project has met most of its milestones to this date. A successful GAP workshop was held in December 2008, in Hanoi. Tomato and cucumber evaluation trials were commenced in 2007 all three identified trial locations: the Red River Delta (FAVRI), the Central Coast (HUAF) and the Central Highlands (PVFC), but heavy rain destroyed the initial trials in Hue and Lam Dong. This delayed the submission of this report until additional data were generated. A second set of evaluation trials were commenced in the following season in all three previous locations, as well as an additional cucumber trial in Cu Chi district (TP HCMC) by IAS. All of these second trials generated good data, except for Lam Dong where heavy rains and late blight destroyed the trial crops. A number of the new, disease-resistant AVRDC tomato varieties and FAVRI cucumber varieties performed well in several locations. A technical report on data from all trials accompanies this document. The first TOT was conducted for trainers in the Red River Delta and Central Coast in April 2008, and preparations are well underway for the TOT in Lam Dong in June 2008. In addition, preparations are also underway for the Industry Workshops in Red River Delta and Lam Dong, and the study tour to Australia in September-October 2008. 4. Introduction & Background Vegetable production in Viet Nam has increased by around 30% in the last decade with an area of 614,500 ha planted in 2005. Average productivity in 2004 was 14.8 tons/ha with the total annual production exceeding 9 million tons. Higher production has allowed increased domestic per capita vegetable consumption as well as export of a range of vegetables. Vegetables constitute 60% of the total value of Vietnamese exports of fruit, vegetables and ornamental plants, which had an average annual value 3 of US$224.4 million in the period 2000-2004 with a target of US$690 million to be reached by 2010. Tomato and cucumber and other cucurbits are the most stable of vegetable export products. Tomato can be produced for 9 months of the year and provides a much higher net return than rice (30 million VND/ha for tomato vs 15 million VND/ha for rice), making tomato production a popular choice for farmers. Despite the substantial and largely successful development of vegetable production in Viet Nam, vegetable farming still faces considerable problems, particularly quality production of vegetable seed and seedlings, and vegetable food safety. In Viet Nam approximately 8000 tonnes of vegetable seeds are planted every year. More than half of these seeds are imported, 41% is produced by local farmers and only 7% is supplied by local seed companies. Seeds produced by local farmers are commonly of poor quality, resulting in low yield while imported seeds cost the Vietnamese economy millions of dollars. Vegetable seedling production in nurseries or by farmers in many provinces uses very simple technology with high labour costs, which has further contributed to low farm yield and production efficiency. With the increased intensity of vegetable production, concerns about vegetable food safety have escalated, especially the high quantity of pesticides (10 -12 times/ plant cycle) and fertilizers applied to small plots of land used for vegetable production, particularly in peri-urban areas, in an attempt to boost production. The lack of pest and disease tolerant/resistant varieties has added to this problem. Recent studies have found that in Hanoi 9% of all vegetable samples exceeded pesticide residue limits by 5-10 times and 7% of samples were found to have residues of banned pesticides. As a result, there are annually thousands of food poisoning cases due to eating vegetables with high pesticide residues (MALICA, 2003). In addition, pesticide overuse has resulted in increased pest damage caused by natural enemy destruction and development of pesticide resistance. Good agricultural practice (GAP) principles, together with results of several international projects involving the current project collaborators, provide a solid base for improvement of vegetable seed and seedling production that will result in increased production of safe, high quality vegetables. The proposed project will utilise results from these projects to develop pilot tomato and cucumber seed and seedling production systems primarily using TYLCV and other disease-resistant tomato genetic material from AVRDC, and downy and powdery mildew resistant cucurbit material developed in FAVRI, and comparing the production with local varieties. The evaluation trials will be undertaken by the project’s collaborating institutions over 2 seasons in 3 important vegetable production regions in Viet Nam, the Red River Delta, the Central Coast and the Central/Southern Highlands. The demonstrated superior varieties will be further evaluated in farmer demonstrations over 2 seasons, which will form a key component, together with PSO-based IPDM, in Farmer Field Schools (FFS). An identified serious capacity gap is that Viet Nam does not sufficient parental material to allow production of virus-resistant hybrid varieties such as those developed in Taiwan at AVRDC. After evaluation at these sites, superior varieties will be provided to commercial seed and seedling producing companies. The project will also develop GAP protocols for tomato and cucurbit seed, seedling and field production, and a GAP manual. The project will also provide direct contact between leading Australian and Vietnamese seed producing companies and seedling nurseries that will facilitate introduction of high-quality production technology to Viet Nam. 4 ... - tailieumienphi.vn
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