Báo cáo dự án: Replacing fertiliser N with rhizobial inoculants for legumes in Vietnam for greater farm profitability and environmental benefits (MS5)

Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development Collaboration for Agriculture & Rural Development Project Progress Report 013/06VIE Replacing fertiliser N with rhizobial inoculants for legumes in Vietnam for greater farm profitability and environmental benefits MS5: Third Six-monthly Report November 2008 1 Table of Contents 1. Institute Information ___________________________________________________ 1 2. Project Abstract _______________________________________________________ 2 3. Executive Summary ____________________________________________________ 2 4. Introduction & Background _____________________________________________ 4 5. Progress to Date_______________________________________________________ 6 5.1 Implementation Highlights ________________________________________________ 6 5.2 Smallholder Benefits_____________________________________________________ 10 5.3 Capacity Building _______________________________________________________ 10 5.4 Publicity_______________________________________________________________ 11 5.5 Project Management ____________________________________________________ 11 6. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues__________________________________________ 11 6.1 Environment ___________________________________________________________ 11 6.2 Gender and Social Issues _________________________________________________ 11 7. Implementation & Sustainability Issues___________________________________ 11 7.1 Issues and Constraints ___________________________________________________ 12 7.2 Options________________________________________________________________ 12 7.3 Sustainability___________________________________________________________ 11 8. Next Critical Steps ____________________________________________________ 12 9. Conclusion __________________________________________________________ 12 10. Statuatory Declaration__________________________Error! Bookmark not defined. 11. Project Progress agaist Proposed Objectives _______________________________ 15 12. Appendix_____________________________________________________________ 22 1. Institute Information Project Name Vietnamese Institution Vietnamese Project Team Leader Australian Organisation Australian Personnel Date commenced Completion date (original) Completion date (revised) Reporting period Replacing fertiliser N with rhizobial inoculants for legumes in Vietnam for greater farm profitability and environmental benefits Oil Plants Institute (OPI) Ms Tran Yen Thao NSW Department of Primary Industries University of Sydney Dr David Herridge Dr Roz Deaker Ms Elizabeth Hartley Mr Greg Gemell March 2007 March 2009 As above October 2007 – March 2008 Contact Officer(s) In Australia: Team Leader Name: Position: Organisation Dr David Herridge Principal Research Scientist NSW Department of Primary Industries Telephone: Fax: Email: 02 67631143 02 67631222 david.herridge@dpi.nsw.gov.au In Australia: Administrative contact Name: Position: Organisation Mr Graham Denney Manager External Funding NSW Department of Primary Industries Telephone: Fax: Email: 02 63913219 02 63913327 graham.denney@dpi.nsw.gov.au In Vietnam Name: Position: Organisation Ms Tran Yen Thao Researcher Oil Plants Institute (OPI) Telephone: Fax: Email: 08 9143024 – 8297336 08 8243528 yenthao@opi.org.vn yenthao@hcm.fpt.vn yenthao9@yahoo.com 2. Project Abstract Farmers in Vietnam currently fertilise legumes such as soybean and groundnut with N, rather than inoculate with rhizobia. Replacing fertiliser N with rhizobial inoculants would save Vietnamese farmers A$50-60 million annually in input costs and, at the same time, help facilitate the desired expansion in legume production. There would also be positive environmental outcomes. This project aims to increase production of high-quality legume inoculants in Vietnam through enhanced production capacity, implementation of a national quality assurance (QA) program at and increased inoculant R&D. Participating in the project in Vietnam are the Oil Plants Institute (OPI); now is known as the Research Institute for Oil and Oil Plants (IOOP), the Institute of Agricultural Science (IAS) and the National Institute for Soils and Fertilisers (NISF; now known as the Soils & Fertilisers Institute (SFI)). Institutions in Australia are NSW Department of Primary Industries and the University of Sydney. Legume inoculant use by farmers in Vietnam will be increased through the development and implementation of an effective extension and training program for researchers, MARD extension officers and farmers. The benefits of inoculants and legume nitrogen fixation will be demonstrated in the field and communicated through workshops, meetings and publications. To ensure sustainability of inoculant production and use, the project will engage the private sector in marketing and ‘pilot production’ of legume inoculants, with the aim that they may scale-up production and progressively take over supply as the technology and markets are developed. 3. Executive Summary Increased production of high-quality inoculants and QA The project continued to evaluate rhizobial strains for soybean and groundnut in field. The Australian commercial strains CB1809 (soybean) and NC92 (groundnut) were more effective than local Vietnamese strains at almost all of the 32 field sites. Thus, when the crops were inoculated with CB1809 or NC92, nodule weight, biomass yield and grain yield increased relative to the local strains at 90%, 94 and 94% field sites respectively. However, the extent of the increase was different depending on sites and local strains. The two Australian strains increased soybean and groundnut nodulation, biomass yield and grain yield by an average of 54%, 32% and 30%, relative to uninoculated plots and 22%, 11% and 13% relative to inoculation with local Vietnamese strains. R&D on inoculant production technology focussed on additives in peat, on survival of rhizobia in peat, and on temperature and pH effects on rhizobial growth and survival. Issues with rhizobial sub-culture, moisture content of carriers and strain maintenance were discussed at the Second Project Review Workshop in November 2008. A training of inoculant production technology was organized at the Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand in October for scientists of all participating institutes. At the time of this report a Vietnamese scientist is training at the University of Sydney and ALRU in rhizobial strain recognition and quality control of inoculants. 2 Extension and training of farmers and advisors Extension and training of farmers and advisors is a major focus of the project as a means of facilitating adoption of legume inoculation in Vietnam. The extension-training program is built around simple, multi-location inoculation experiments in the legume production areas of the country. The experiments involve participation of farmers and extension officers in all aspects, from the design of experiments to sowing, sampling, harvesting and interpretation of results. The MARD extension service plays a large role in extension activities. Data from field demonstrations will be used to produce an economic model for production and use of legume inoculants in Vietnam. In addition, training courses will be organised for farmers, extension workers and researchers in methods of inoculant use, and economic as well as environmental benefits of inoculation. A total of 35 demonstration (extension) trials have now been conducted in 10 provinces. The demonstration fields usually had two treatments: +inoculation and –inoculation (farmer’ practice with N fertilizers). Overall, inoculation of soybean and groundnut increased potential income to farmers by an average of 4.300.000VNĐ. The size of the profit varied with different sites. Farmers were invited to the demonstration fields at least once. At many fields such as in DakNong and DakLak, they also came to the fields 2–3 times at nodule and biomass harvest as well as grain harvest time. At each trial site, at least 20 farmers, extension officers, agriculture advisors came and made evaluation of the trial (700–1050 person visits to the extension trials). They observed development of soybean and groundnut and compared the health and growth of the plants in the two treatments. They took nodule samples to observe nodules and learnt to recognise effective nodules with pink colour inside and the white ineffective nodules. They evaluated the inoculation benefits by themselves by sampling soybean and groundnut plants, weighing biomass and grains. They were provided extension materials. Also, researchers and extension officers explained how rhizobia work and the conditions for successful inoculation. Farmers were very interested in learning about nitrogen fixation. Questions were often asked by farmers were: - How much do the inoculants cost? - How much inoculant is used for 1000m2 or 1 ha? - Where can we purchase inoculants? - Do inoculants have other benefits besides replacement of urea (N) fertilizer? - Can we use inoculants together with plant protection products? - Can we use legume inoculants for other crops? - Are inoculants effected by bad weather such as heavy rain, hot weather when inoculating and during plant growth? - Can we use inoculants together with urea (fertiliser N)? And main requests: - Supply inoculants for farmers to test inoculants in their fields - Technical support for farmers to use inoculants Involvement of the private sector in inoculant production, distribution and marketing 3 ... - tailieumienphi.vn